Nanoparticles as Emerging Labels in Electrochemical Immunosensors

Iglesias-Mayor, Alba; Amor-Gutiérrez, Olaya; Costa-Garcı́a, Agustı́n; Escosura‐Muñiz, Alfredo de la

doi:10.3390/s19235137

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…Dissolvable nanoparticle (NP) labeling has been used in biosensor development due to ease of mass-scale synthesis, chemical stability, high surface: volume ratio, low cost, and higher stability over enzyme labels, increasing the shelf life of the sensor [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Replacement of enzymes by NPs has opened a new chapter of research coined “nanozymes”.…”

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Replacement of enzymes by NPs has opened a new chapter of research coined “nanozymes”. Examples include metal NPs, quantum dots (QDs), and most recently, carbon-based nanoparticles [ 57 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Next, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) solution was deposited on the SPE and the Ag reduction was detected by linear sweep voltammetry (LVS) from −0.15 to 0.25 V at 50 mV s −1 in 1.0 M KCl solution [ 68 ] ( Figure 4 ). Following this, a variety of NPs were used for protein biomarker detection, including silver NPS [ 68 , 69 , 70 ], platinum NPs [ 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], palladium NPs [ 57 , 75 ], copper NPs [ 76 ], and iridium NPs [ 57 , 77 ].…”

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, multi-metal NP tags and hybrids of different metals are being reported [ 57 , 75 ]. Kalyoncu and coworkers used three different hybrid nanotags CuAu@ɣFe 2 O 3, ZnAu@ɣFe 2 O 3, and PbAu@ɣFe 2 O 3 for multiplexed detection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AFP, and CEA by binding Ab 2 molecules with the respective nanotags.…”

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed Electrodes in Microfluidic Arrays for Cancer Biomarker Protein Detection

et al. 2020

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Medical diagnostics is trending towards a more personalized future approach in which multiple tests can be digitized into patient records. In cancer diagnostics, patients can be tested for individual protein and genomic biomarkers that detect cancers at very early stages and also be used to monitor cancer progression or remission during therapy. These data can then be incorporated into patient records that could be easily accessed on a cell phone by a health care professional or the patients themselves on demand. Data on protein biomarkers have a large potential to be measured in point-of-care devices, particularly diagnostic panels that could provide a continually updated, personalized record of a disease like cancer. Electrochemical immunoassays have been popular among protein detection methods due to their inherent high sensitivity and ease of coupling with screen-printed and inkjet-printed electrodes. Integrated chips featuring these kinds of electrodes can be built at low cost and designed for ease of automation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) features are adopted in most of these ultrasensitive detection systems, with microfluidics allowing easy manipulation and good fluid dynamics to deliver reagents and detect the desired proteins. Several of these ultrasensitive systems have detected biomarker panels ranging from four to eight proteins, which in many cases when a specific cancer is suspected may be sufficient. However, a grand challenge lies in engineering microfluidic-printed electrode devices for the simultaneous detection of larger protein panels (e.g., 50–100) that could be used to test for many types of cancers, as well as other diseases for truly personalized care.

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Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunoassay Techniques For Printed Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Printed Electrodes in Microfluidic Arrays for Cancer Biomarker Protein Detection

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, low thermal and environmental stability due to the denaturation, sensitivity of catalytic activity to environment condition, non-conductivity, difficult and expensive synthesis and purification of enzymes are the other drawbacks. Wherefore, the enzymatic labels were recently substituted by different nanoparticles, including gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, quantum dots, cerium oxide nanoparticles, mercury selenide nanoparticles and copper-based nanoparticles [6,7]. In recent years, electrochemical ELISA-based immunosensors have also become very popular [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors

Kondzior

Grabowska

2020

Sensors

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Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)33+), Ru(bpy)32+ and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.

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Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Labels in Immunosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers of Clinical Interest

Valero‐Calvo,

García‐Alonso,

de la Escosura‐Muñiz

2024

Analysis & Sensing

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Electrochemical immunosensors have emerged in the last years as outstanding analytical systems for the detection of analytes of clinical interest. As alternative to the traditional enzymatic labels, the use of nanoparticles and especially bimetallic ones has gained increased attention thanks to their advantages related to the higher simplicity, stability and sensitivity offered. Main routes for the detection of such nanoparticle labels are based on i) dissolution of the nanoparticle into the corresponding metal ions followed by voltammetric detection; ii) taking advantage of the electrocatalytic effect of the metals towards secondary reactions; and iii) taking advantage of their electrochemiluminescence properties. In this context, in this review recent trends in the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as electrochemical labels in immunosensors for the detection of analytes of clinical interest are presented. The analytical performance and critical overview of the main approaches found in the literature is provided, ending with future perspectives and prospects in this field.

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Nanoparticles as Emerging Labels in Electrochemical Immunosensors

Cited by 34 publications

References 133 publications

Printed Electrodes in Microfluidic Arrays for Cancer Biomarker Protein Detection

Printed Electrodes in Microfluidic Arrays for Cancer Biomarker Protein Detection

Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors

Bimetallic Nanoparticles as Electrochemical Labels in Immunosensors for the Detection of Biomarkers of Clinical Interest

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