Nanoparticle Shape Anisotropy Dictates the Collective Behavior of Surface-Bound Ligands

Jones, Matthew R.; Macfarlane, Robert J.; Prigodich, Andrew E.; Patel, Pinal C.; Mirkin, Chad A.

doi:10.1021/ja206777k

Cited by 139 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…However, only two patches are made using this method, and low quantities of particles are obtained. Other strategies have used faceted particles 24 , particles with protrusions 25 or coordinated patches 26,27,28 , but 3-dimensional directional bonding and assembly have yet to be demonstrated 29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloids with valence and specific directional bonding

Wang

Breed

et al. 2012

Nature

968

1,072

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The ability to design and assemble 3-dimensional structures from colloidal particles is limited by the absence of specific directional bonds. As a result, complex or low-coordination structures, common in atomic and molecular systems, are rare in the colloidal domain. Here we demonstrate a general method for creating the colloidal analogues of atoms with valence: colloidal particles with chemically functionalized patches that can form highly directional bonds.These "colloidal atoms" possess all the common symmetries-and some uncommon ones-characteristic of hybridized atomic orbitals, including sp, sp 2 , sp 3 , sp 3 d, sp 3 d 2 , and sp 3 d 3 . Functionalizing the patches with DNA with single-stranded sticky ends makes the interactions between patches on different particles programmable, specific, and reversible, thus facilitating the self-assembly of particles into "colloidal molecules," including "molecules" with triangular, tetrahedral, and other bonding symmetries. Because colloidal dynamics are slow, the kinetics of molecule formation can be followed directly by optical microscopy. These new colloidal atoms should enable the assembly of a rich variety of new micro-structured materials. 2 IntroductionThe past decade has seen an explosion in the kinds of colloidal particles that can be synthesized 1,2 , with many new shapes, such as cubes 3 , clusters of spheres 4-6 and dimpled particles 7,8 reported. Because the self-assembly of these particles is largely controlled by their geometry, only a few relatively simple crystals have been made: face-centered and body-centered cubic crystals and variants 9 . Colloidal alloys increase the diversity of structures [10][11][12] , but many structures remain difficult or impossible to make. For example, the diamond lattice, predicted more than 20 years ago to have a full 3-dimensional photonic band gap 13 , still cannot be made by colloidal self-assembly because it requires 4-fold coordination. Without directional bonds, such low-coordination states are unstable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloids with valence and specific directional bonding

Wang

Breed

et al. 2012

Nature

968

1,072

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“…The spread of the population can have an effect on the reaction kinetics, stability and sensitivity of nanoparticle based assays [36][37][38] . To build up a true measure of the spread of zeta potential values for a given particle population, the zeta potential of each individual particle has to be measured, and this aspect is challenging, although electrophoretic and electrochemical techniques allow insight to these measurements 29,39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-by-Particle Charge Analysis of DNA-Modified Nanoparticles Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

2016

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Resistive pulse sensors, RPS, are allowing the transport mechanism of molecules, proteins and even nanoparticles to be characterised as they traverse pores. Previous work using RPS has shown that the size, concentration and zeta potential of the analyte can be measured. Here we use tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) which utilises a tunable pore to monitor the translocation times of nanoparticles with DNA modified surfaces. We start by demonstrating that the translocation times of particles can be used to infer the zeta potential of known standards and then apply the method to measure the change in zeta potential of DNA modified particles. By measuring the translocation times of DNA modified nanoparticles as a function of packing density, length, structure, and hybridisation time, we observe a clear difference in zeta potential using both mean values, and population distributions as a function of the DNA structure. We demonstrate the ability to resolve the signals for ssDNA, dsDNA, small changes in base length for nucleotides between 15-40 bases long and even the discrimination between partial and fully complementary target sequences. Such a method has potential and applications in sensors for the monitoring of nanoparticles in both medical and environmental samples.

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“…Shape has a fundamental role in self-assembly as it can regulate particle recognition 3 , determine the density and the structure of particle packings [4][5][6][7][8] , and facilitate binding from ligand molecules 9,10 . Ideally, patterned surfaces and tailored functionality could act in concert with the shape anisotropy of the building blocks to focus interactions between particles, and could assist, direct or enhance their selforganization 11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping colloids for self-assembly

et al. 2013

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The creation of a new material often starts from the design of its constituent building blocks at a smaller scale. From macromolecules to colloidal architectures, to granular systems, the interactions between basic units of matter can dictate the macroscopic behaviour of the resulting engineered material and even regulate its genesis. Information can be imparted to the building units by altering their physical and chemical properties. In particular, the shape of building blocks has a fundamental role at the colloidal scale, as it can govern the self-organization of particles into hierarchical structures and ultimately into the desired material. Herein we report a simple and general approach to generate an entire zoo of new anisotropic colloids. Our method is based on a controlled deformation of multiphase colloidal particles that can be selectively liquified, polymerized, dissolved and functionalized in bulk. We further demonstrate control over the particle functionalization and coating by realizing patchy and Janus colloids.

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Nanoparticle Shape Anisotropy Dictates the Collective Behavior of Surface-Bound Ligands

Cited by 139 publications

References 34 publications

Colloids with valence and specific directional bonding

Colloids with valence and specific directional bonding

Particle-by-Particle Charge Analysis of DNA-Modified Nanoparticles Using Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing

Shaping colloids for self-assembly

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