Nanoparticle Probes for Quantifying Supramolecular Determinants of Biosurface Affinity

Abstract

TOC Interactions between macromolecular systems and biosurfaces are complicated by both the complexity of these multivalent interactions and challenges in quantifying affinities. A library of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as multivalent probes is used to quantify biosurface affinity, using hair as a model targeted substrate.

Direct Measurements of kT-Scale Capsule–Substrate Interactions and Deposition Versus Surfactants and Polymer Additives

“…From well-established colloid and surface science, it is understood that several mechanisms can influence capsule–surface interactions in the presence of surfactants and polymers as a function of their chemistry and concentration. For example, surfactants can stabilize capsules by adsorbing onto their surfaces and generating electrostatic or steric repulsion. − When surfactants remain unadsorbed, they can form micelles that mediate depletion attraction, causing aggregation or deposition. − Likewise, nonionic polymers or charged polyelectrolytes when adsorbed to capsule surfaces can produce steric or electrosteric stabilization, , or when unadsorbed, they can mediate depletion attraction or repulsion between capsules. , Polymers can also “bridge” between unsaturated surfaces to cause aggregation or deposition, which is either reversible or irreversible . Steric and depletion mechanisms can occur simultaneously, depending on the polymer concentration, solvent quality, adsorption extent, and relative capsule and polymer dimensions. − …”

“…Polyurea capsules are investigated, which are negatively charged, buoyant, aspherical, core–shell, and fragrance-filled . Negatively charged glass surfaces are chosen as a model substrate, which have the same sign of charge as hair. , Two model formulation additives are studied as a function of concentration including an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and a cationic acrylamide–acrylamidopropyltrimonium copolymer (AAC), used in typical hair and skin cleansing and conditioning formulations. Particle–surface interactions and deposition are measured sensitively and simultaneously using approaches based on combining particle tracking and ensemble total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM). ,,− This approach enables nonintrusive quantification of kT -scale interactions and weak deposition that is sensitive to the net balance of repulsive and attractive capsule–substrate interactions and without mechanically affecting the capsules .…”

“…17 Negatively charged glass surfaces are chosen as a model substrate, which have the same sign of charge as hair. 46,47 Two model formulation additives are studied as a function of concentration including an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), and a cationic acrylamide−acrylamidopropyltrimonium copolymer (AAC), used in typical hair and skin cleansing and conditioning formulations. Particle−surface interactions and deposition are measured sensitively and simultaneously using approaches based on combining particle tracking and ensemble total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM).…”

The Roles of Nanoparticles in Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

“…The published recommendation for the definition of nanomaterials refers to a nanomaterial as a natural, incidental or manufactured material consisting of particles in an unbound state, aggregate or agglomerate consisting, and indicates that 50% or more of the particles should be in a size distribution range from 1 to 100 nm based on one or more external dimensions (Piperigkou et al, 2016). Because of their unique physical and chemical properties, NPs have played an increasingly important role in determining and regulating stem cell behavior, including tracing the fate and distribution of stem cells in vivo, inducing directed differentiation of stem cells, ascertaining the origin of stem cell diseases, stimulating the paracrine behavior of stem cells and regulating the microenvironment of tissues around stem cells (La Francesca, 2012;Le et al, 2017). Various types of NPs exist, including metal NPs, SPIONs, SNPs, carbon NPs.…”

Structural and Functional Interdependences of Biological Organisms in Extreme Conditions

“…Results of SFI at the level of molecules, including biological macromolecules one can find in [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The next volume of investigations was done at the level of molecular complexes [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67], like liposomes [63], biofilms [64], lipid bilayers [66], and model cell membranes [67]. Some of such works were about drug delivery studies for medicine [56,57].…”