Nanoparticle platforms for dermal antiaging technologies: Insights in cellular and molecular mechanisms

Abstract

Aging is a continuous process defined by a progressive functional decline in physiological parameters. Skin, being one of the most vulnerable organs, shows early signs of aging which are predominantly affected by intrinsic factors like hormone, gender, mood, enzymes, and genetic predisposition, and extrinsic factors like exposure to radiation, air pollution, and heat. Visible morphological and anatomical changes associated with skin aging occur due to underlying physiological aberrations governed by numerous complex interactions at cellular and subcellular levels. Nanoparticles are perceived as a powerful tool in the cosmeceutical industry both for augmenting the efficacy of existing agents and as a novel standalone therapy. Both organic and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated in antiaging applications. The use of nanoparticles helps to enhance the activity of antiaging molecules by selectively targeting cellular and molecular pathways. On the other hand, the nanoparticle platforms also gained increasing popularity as the skin protectant against extrinsic factors such as UV radiation and pollutants. This review comprehensively discusses skin aging and its mechanism by highlighting the impact on cellular, subcellular, and epigenetic elements. Importantly, the review elaborates on the examples of organic and inorganic nanoparticle-based formulations developed for antiaging application and provides mechanistic insights on how they modulate the mechanisms of skin aging. The clinical progress of nanoparticle antiaging technologies and factors that impact clinical translation are also explored.

The role of human antigen R (HuR) in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells

“…Skin aging is a slow and complex process subjected to intrinsic alterations at the cellular, molecular and genetic levels and by exposure to extrinsic factors (43). Aging affects all layers of the skin; in particular, the underlying epidermis and dermis undergo numerous cellular and molecular changes due to aging (44). The skin, as an external organ, is inevitably exposed to radiation that induces various skin reactions.…”

Mechanism of action and therapeutic effects of oxidative stress and stem cell-based materials in skin aging: Current evidence and future perspectives

“…Thus, the development of novel technologies is required. Nanosized ingredients offer enormous advantages, such as better permeation across skin layers, to mediate the intended anti-aging effects ( Bhatia et al, 2022 ). Here, we will discuss the development of combined nanotechnology with stem cells over the last decade, with an aim of providing a useful framework of stem cell-related nano-products.…”

Dietary supplementation with α-ionone alleviates chronic UVB exposure-induced skin photoaging in mice

“…1 Skin aging can be categorized into three types: photoaging, heat aging, and natural aging. 2 Of these, photoaging is considered the most significant factor that causes damage to the skin and accelerates the skin aging process. The prevalence of photoaging in adult patients with skin phototypes I–III is estimated to be as high as 90%.…”