Nanoparticle-Mediated TGF-β Release from Microribbon-Based Hydrogels Accelerates Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Formation In Vivo

Differential dynamics of bone graft transplantation and mesenchymal stem cell therapy during bone defect healing in a murine critical size defect

“…First, we have only included one scaffold group embedded with unaltered MSCs. While this typically represents current MSC-based therapy, gene-modified MSCs [ 9 ] or MSCs combined with nanoparticle-mediated growth factors (such as TGF-β) [ 79 ] may further enhance bone healing. This study is the first step in developing advanced MSC-based therapy, to achieve improve clinical outcomes compared with autologous bone graft procedures.…”

Cartilage regeneration using improved surface electrospun bilayer polycaprolactone scaffolds loaded with transforming growth factor-beta 3 and rabbit muscle-derived stem cells

“…As our scaffold is well biodegradable, the supplementation of TGFβ3 in the scaffold can promote differentiation and proliferation of remaining tissue chondrocytes in the scenario of cartilage injury (Li et al, 2022). In addition, it is possible that TGFβ3 can engage other types of cells circulating in the synovial fluid including fibroblasts (Denu et al, 2016), MSCs (Barati et al, 2020), or even fat cells (Li et al, 2020) to form new cartilage. At 6 months, a scaffold with TGFβ3 and rMDSCs showed comparable electromechanical, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology frontiersin.org macroscopic, and histological outcomes to the golden standard scaffold in our study called "control scaffold"-the scaffold embedded with chondrocytes.…”

“…The findings suggest that scaffolds with the addition of TGFβ3 may stimulate surrounding host cells for up to 6 months. Various studies proved the beneficial effect of TGFβ3 on cartilage regeneration using different cell types and constructs ( Sun et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2020 ; Barati et al, 2020 ). As our scaffold is well biodegradable, the supplementation of TGFβ3 in the scaffold can promote differentiation and proliferation of remaining tissue chondrocytes in the scenario of cartilage injury ( Li et al, 2022 ).…”

Directed Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue by Hierarchical Assembly of Spatially Organized Composite Spheroids

“…[ 29 ] Similar processes have been reported in previous studies, where BMP‐2 or TGF‐ β has been immobilized on PD‐coated poly(lactic‐ co ‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)/hydroxyapatite (HA) or a gelatin hydrogel with greater than 80% efficiency. [ 12 , 30 ] The immobilized growth factors were active biologically in modulation of proliferation and differentiation of hADSCs, as shown in Figure 1 . This was consistent with previous reports that BMP‐2 and TGF‐ β 3 are not only potent regulators of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation in MSCs, respectively, but also involved in their proliferation, chemotaxis, [ 31 ] and pro‐proliferative growth factor secretion.…”

“…[ 10 , 11 ] However, delamination of the two layers often causes tissue disjunction between the regenerated cartilage and subchondral bone, and the rapid infiltration of connective tissues (CT) within the construct hinders the overall regeneration capacity. [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] Alternatively, the loading of cells on biphasic scaffolds increases the secretion of inductive cytokines and allows for stronger interface formation through cell–cell interactions, resulting in improved and effective osteochondral tissue repair. [ 14 ] For example, chondrocytes (or stem cells) and pre‐differentiated osteogenic cells can be seeded onto the cartilage and subchondral bone layer, respectively, and cultured with tissue‐engineered 3D osteochondral tissue until in vivo transplantation.…”