Nanoparticle Impact on the Bacterial Adaptation: Focus on Nano-Titania

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-titania/TiO2 NPs) are used in different fields and applications. However, the release of TiO2 NPs into the environment has raised concerns about their biosafety and biosecurity. In light of the evidence that TiO2 NPs could be used to counteract antibiotic resistance, they have been investigated for their antibacterial activity. Studies reported so far indicate a good performance of TiO2 NPs against bacteria, alone or in combination with antibiotics. However, bacteria are able to invoke multiple response mechanisms in an attempt to adapt to TiO2 NPs. Bacterial adaption arises from global changes in metabolic pathways via the modulation of regulatory networks and can be related to single-cell or multicellular communities. This review describes how the impact of TiO2 NPs on bacteria leads to several changes in microorganisms, mainly during long-term exposure, that can evolve towards adaptation and/or increased virulence. Strategies employed by bacteria to cope with TiO2 NPs suggest that their use as an antibacterial agent has still to be extensively investigated from the point of view of the risk of adaptation, to prevent the development of resistance. At the same time, possible effects on increased virulence following bacterial target modifications by TiO2 NPs on cells or tissues have to be considered.

Evaluation of a Gluten-Based Edible Film Incorporated with Beetroot Extract and ZnO Nanoparticles as an Active Food Packaging System

“…Electrostatic interaction of the E. coli cell wall caused structural destabilization as shown in Figure , and it can disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to the damage of the cytoplasm and ultimately to the death of the cell. ,− The cell wall of S. aureus does not have an outer membrane and consists of a single lipid membrane surrounded by a thick layer of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid along with a smaller negative charge when compared with the cell membrane of E.…”

Synergistic Effects of f-MWCNTs and Nano Titania on the Wound Healing Efficacy of Chitosan Films in Drosophila and Rat Models

“…Moreover, TiO 2 Nps also exert a similar effect on bacterial cells. The Nps adsorb onto the surface of bacterial cells and destabilize the structural integrity, leading to cell death . The antibacterial behavior displayed by the overall material might be a result of the synergistic effect exerted by chitosan, incorporated nanofillers, and their interfacial interactions.…”

Metal-Based Nanoparticles as Antimicrobial Agents: A Review

“…Titanium NPs are potential materials for preventing bacterial growth in industry and for lowering infections in medicine because of their antimicrobial action. The photocatalytic process that takes place when titanium is exposed to light or sunshine gives it its antimicrobial properties . The resultant ·OH pierces bacterial cells and kills bacteria.…”

“…The photocatalytic process that takes place when titanium is exposed to light or sunshine gives it its antimicrobial properties. 166 The resultant •OH pierces bacterial cells and kills bacteria. The excellent mechanical and biocompatible properties of titanium are extensively used in the medical field.…”