A sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) peptide-based biosensor was fabricated for the determination of troponin I (TnI) by employing gold nanoparticles as amplification platform. Two specific peptides including peptide1 with a sequence of CFYSHSFHENWPS and peptide2 with a sequence of FYSHSFHENWPSK were employed as capture peptide and report peptide, respectively. The peptide2 was labeled with ruthenium bis(2,2′-bipyridine) (2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid)-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (Ru(bpy) 2 (dcbpy)NHS) at NH 2 -containing lysine via acylation reaction and utilized as the ECL probe. Gold nanoparticles were electrodeposited onto gold electrode and used as an amplification platform. The peptide-based biosensor was fabricated by self-assembling peptide1 onto the surface of gold nanoparticles-modified gold electrode through a thiolcontaining cysteine at the end of the peptide1. When the biosensor reacted with target TnI, and then incubated with the ECL probe, a strong ECL response was electrochemically generated. The ECL intensity is directly proportional to the logarithm of the concentration of TnI in the range from 1 to 300 pg/mL. The biosensor employing gold nanoparticles as amplification platform shows high sensitivity for the detection of TnI with a detection limit of 0.4 pg/mL (S/N =3). Moreover, the biosensor is successfully applied to analysis of TnI in human serum sample. This work demonstrates that the combination of a highly binding peptide with nanoparticle amplification is a great promising approach for the design of ECL biosensor.