Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: The Magic Bullet for the Treatment of Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

Abstract

Chronic pulmonary diseases encompass different persistent and lethal diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, and lung cancers that affect millions of people globally. Traditional pharmacotherapeutic treatment approaches (i.e., bronchodilators, corticosteroids, chemotherapeutics, peptide-based agents, etc.) are not satisfactory to cure or impede diseases. With the advent of nanotechnology, drug delivery to an intended site is still difficult, but the nanoparticle’s physicochemical properties can accomplish targeted therapeutic delivery. Based on their surface, size, density, and physical-chemical properties, nanoparticles have demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetics of actives, achieving the spotlight in the drug delivery research field. In this review, the authors have highlighted different nanoparticle-based therapeutic delivery approaches to treat chronic pulmonary diseases along with the preparation techniques. The authors have remarked the nanosuspension delivery via nebulization and dry powder carrier is further effective in the lung delivery system since the particles released from these systems are innumerable to composite nanoparticles. The authors have also outlined the inhaled particle’s toxicity, patented nanoparticle-based pulmonary formulations, and commercial pulmonary drug delivery devices (PDD) in other sections. Recently advanced formulations employing nanoparticles as therapeutic carriers for the efficient treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases are also canvassed.

Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication in the lung with siRNA/VIPER polyplexes

“…Both PEI and VIPER polyplexes showed desirable hydrodynamic diameters for pulmonary delivery of 85.52 nm and 55.78 nm (intensity-weighed) respectively ( Table 3 ). Nanoparticles formed with VIPER polymer, however, showed smaller sizes, which could help avoid clearance by macrophages and enhance diffusion though the mucus mesh [ 31 ]. In terms of PDI, PEI and VIPER polyplexes showed values of 0.25 and 0.39 respectively.…”

Strategies to Overcome Biological Barriers Associated with Pulmonary Drug Delivery

“…Nanoparticle formulation strategies can be used to alter the way in which active compounds are presented within the body [61][62][63][64][65], including modification of their dissolution profiles [66][67][68][69][70], and some of these strategies have been adapted specifically for pulmonary delivery [71][72][73][74]. In some instances, nanoparticles can help overcome specific pharmaceutical development challenges including increased payload delivery, controlled-release kinetics to optimize pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD), improvement of efficacy, and reduction of adverse events [64,75,76]. Similarly, a prodrug modification strategy can be used to alter a compound's PK/PD profile to optimize performance following pulmonary administration.…”

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

“…; to the polymeric chain. However, drug delivery using hydrogels has not been free of obstacles, but continuous advancements are helping to settle on a hydrogel design competently conformed to specific drug delivery [ 10 , 11 ]. Due to several limitations of using natural hydrophilic polymers in hydrogel preparation, e.g., low thermal stability [ 12 ], absorption capacity [ 13 ], gel strength [ 3 ], etc.…”