Nanoparticle Attachment to Erythrocyte Via the Glycophorin A Targeted ERY1 Ligand Enhances Binding without Impacting Cellular Function

Abstract

ENPs can be efficiently attached to the RBCs without adversely affecting cellular function, and this may potentially enhance circulatory half-life of drug molecules.

Biocompatible coupling of therapeutic fusion proteins to human erythrocytes

“…Coupling to murine RBCs is typically accomplished by derivatives of Ter119, an antibody to an epitope associated with glycophorin A (GPA), 22 or with ERY1 peptide, whose putative target is GPA. 13 Although no overt adverse effects on RBCs have been noted when using these ligands, 23 the effects of their binding to murine RBCs have not been characterized extensively.…”

Current advances in nanomaterials affecting morphology, structure, and function of erythrocytes

“…The antioxidant defense of erythrocytes involves several erythrocyte-associated biomolecules, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). [72][73][74] It was shown that AgNPs affect both the erythrocyte enzymatic (SOD/ CAT/GPX) and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems (GSH/ MDA), reducing the antioxidant function of erythrocytes. Further mechanism exploration indicated that direct intermolecular interaction is one of the important catalysts to the changes in antioxidant enzyme activity aer exposure to NPs at the cellular level.…”

“…67 Lipid peroxidation products exert deleterious effects on cell membranes and the main product, MDA, has been widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. 49,74,75 Due to the overproduction of ROS, erythrocytes exposed to PEGylated AuNPs had elevated MDA levels and in turn the oxidative stress occurred on the cells. 43 Li and Sahoo et al demonstrated the dose-dependent effect of the severity of lipid peroxidation of cell membrane with nanoparticles, 74,75 which may further disrupt their uidity, permeability, deformability, and shorten the lifespan of erythrocytes.…”

Intracellular Delivery of Glucose Oxidase for Enhanced Cytotoxicity toward PSMA‐Expressing Prostate Cancer Cells

“…Charged copolymers and polyethylene glycol (PEG) have been found to be capable of electrostatic self‐assembly with nucleic acids and proteins into nanoscale complexes . Complexation with PEGylated cationic copolymers has been shown to improve several aspects of biomacromolecule delivery, including resistance to heat denaturation, protease degradation, stimuli‐responsive delivery, as well as the ability to functionalize proteins and DNA without potentially deactivating covalent modifications . This approach has been successfully applied toward the encapsulation of proteins such as bovine serum albumin, butyrylcholinesterase, lysozyme, insulin, superoxide dismutase, and others to modify how they are delivered to cells .…”