Nanomorphology and reaction to fire of polyurethane and polyamide nanocomposites containing flame retardants

Bourbigot, Serge; Samyn, Fabienne; Turf, Thomas; Duquesne, Sophie

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.011

Cited by 100 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These problems have driven the search for alternative "halogenfree" fire retardants, which include metal hydroxide 7,8 and carbonate fillers 9 , phosphorus compounds 10 , low melt glasses 11 , as well as a range of more esoteric materials, such as clay and silica nanoparticles 12,13 , carbon nanotubes 14 , expandable graphite 15 and metal chelates 16,17 . In general, halogen-free fire retardants are much more polymer-specific -while one fire retardant will work well in one polymer, it may not work at all in another.…”

Section: Fire Retardants and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Hull

Witkowski

Hollingbery

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

273

144

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Endothermically decomposing mineral fillers, such as aluminium or magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, or mixed magnesium/calcium carbonates and hydroxides, such as naturally occurring mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite are in heavy demand as sustainable, environmentally benign fire retardants. They are more difficult to deploy than the halogenated flame retardants they are replacing, as their modes of action are more complex, and are not equally effective in different polymers. In addition to their presence (at levels up to 70%), reducing the flammable content of the material, they have three quantifiable fire retardant effects: heat absorption through endothermic decomposition; increased heat capacity of the polymer residue; increased heat capacity of the gas phase through the presence of water or carbon dioxide. These three contributions have been quantified for eight of the most common fire retardant mineral fillers, and the effects on standard fire tests such as the LOI, UL 94 and cone calorimeter discussed. By quantifying these estimable contributions, more subtle effects, which they might otherwise mask, may be identified.

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Section: Fire Retardants and Flammabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Hull

Witkowski

Hollingbery

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

273

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some progress was made with filler nanoparticles such as organically modified layered-silicate clay minerals referred to as organoclays or nanoclays [4,5], extended carbon nanostructures [5,6], layered double hydroxides [7], polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes [8], and oxide ceramic nanoparticles [9] to achieve synergistic improvements in flame retardancy of polymers filled with halogen-free flameretardants. However, no synergism or even strong anti-synergism was encountered in many cases [9e13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoclay and carbon nanotubes as potential synergists of an organophosphorus flame-retardant in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Isitman

Kaynak

2010

Polymer Degradation and Stability

139

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“…In the range of 400-500°C, depolymerization process takes place with emission of large amounts of e-caprolactam [41][42][43][44]. This is important not only in terms of thermal stability, but also from the point of recycling of clay/PA6 composites.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on the thermal properties and flammability of polyamide 6 nanocomposites surface-modified via layer-by-layer deposition of chitosan and montmorillonite

Majka

Cokot

Pielichowski

2017

J Therm Anal Calorim

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In this work, layer-by-layer assembly technique has been employed to deposit cationic chitosan (CH) and anionic montmorillonite (MMT-Na ? ) polyelectrolyte coatings on polyamide 6 (PA6). Without an additional surface treatment, 5, 10 and 20 bilayers of CH/MMT-Na ? were successfully adsorbed on PA6 matrix as confirmed by XRD, ATR-FTIR and SEM-EDX results. The thermal stability was evaluated using TGA and DSC methods, and it was found that neat PA6 demonstrated better performance (by ca. 5°C) and bilayers caused slightly delayed melting of PA6 crystalline phase. Some interesting results proving imparted flame retardancy by applied assemblies were obtained by vertical (VFT) and horizontal (HFT) flammability tests and microcalorimetric analysis (MCC) methods. It was found that all of the coated PA6 specimens have accomplished V-0 notes in VFT and the intensity of melt dripping reduced. According to MCC results, PA6 covered with 20 bilayers showed the highest reduction-up to 10% relative to reference material-in PHRR.

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Nanomorphology and reaction to fire of polyurethane and polyamide nanocomposites containing flame retardants

Cited by 100 publications

References 19 publications

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Fire retardant action of mineral fillers

Nanoclay and carbon nanotubes as potential synergists of an organophosphorus flame-retardant in poly(methyl methacrylate)

Studies on the thermal properties and flammability of polyamide 6 nanocomposites surface-modified via layer-by-layer deposition of chitosan and montmorillonite

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