Nanometer Spatial Resolution Achieved in Hard X-Ray Imaging and Laue Diffraction Experiments

Bilderback, Donald H.; Hoffman, S.A.; Thiel, Daniel

doi:10.1126/science.8284671

Cited by 214 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This beam energy enables the analysis of the elements with atomic number between 14 (Si) and 38 (Sr). On beamline L the beam was focused with polycapillary optics [27] to the size of 15 lm in diameter whilst on the ID 22 with the use of parabolic compound refractive lenses [28] to a spot size of 5 lm · 2 lm (horizontally (H) · vertically (V)). Twodimensional distributions of elements were determined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy for Investigation of Elemental Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Tomik

Chwiej

Szczerbowska-Boruchowska

et al. 2006

Neurochem Res

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The abnormalities of metallochemical reactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In the present work, an investigation of the elemental composition of the gray matter, nerve cells and white matter from spinal cord tissues representing three ALS cases and five non-ALS controls was performed. This was done with the use of the synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence technique (micro-SRXRF). The following elements were detected in the tissue sections: P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Br. A higher accumulation of Cl, K, Ca, Zn and Br was observed in the nerve cell bodies than in the surrounding tissue. Contrary to all other elements, Zn accumulation was lower in the white matter areas than in the gray matter ones. The results of quantitative analysis showed that there were no general abnormalities in the elemental accumulation between the ALS and the control group. However, for individual ALS cases such abnormalities were observed for the nerve cells. We also demonstrated differences in the elemental accumulation between the analyzed ALS cases.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation of X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy for Investigation of Elemental Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Tomik

Chwiej

Szczerbowska-Boruchowska

et al. 2006

Neurochem Res

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“…Relatively high-energy X-rays are used to produce X-ray¯uor-escence because the X-ray¯uorescence yield becomes larger for heavy elements. Typical X-ray focusing devices are a Kirkpatrick± Baez grazing-incidence mirror (Suzuki & Uchida, 1992), a thick Fresnel (Kamijo et al, 1997) or Bragg±Fresnel zone plate (Erko et al, 1994), and a capillary tube (Bilderback et al, 1994). A new compound refractive lens (Snigirev et al, 1996) has also been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging X-ray fluorescence microscope with a Wolter-type grazing-incidence mirror

Aoki

Takeuchi

Ando

1998

J Synchrotron Radiat

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A Wolter-type grazing-incidence mirror was used as an objective for an imaging X-ray¯uorescence microscope. The microscope was constructed at the beamline 6C2 of the Photon Factory. The shortest wavelength used was $0. 1 nm, which was limited by the grazing-incidence angle of the mirror. To demonstrate the possibility of recording X-ray¯uorescence images, several ®ne grids were used as test specimens. Characteristic X-rays emitted from each specimen could be clearly imaged. Spatial resolution was estimated to be better than 10 mm.

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“…However, recent theoretical and experimental research results have shown that the linear zone plate can be used to focus hard X-rays up to 20 keV [7][8][9][10]. A spot size of about 90 nm has been achieved with glass capillary optics [11]. But the capillary optics did not preserve the coherence of the X-ray beams.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Propagation in X-Ray Waveguides

Choi¹,

Jung²,

Kwon³

2008

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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Single-mode propagation conditions of X-ray waveguides are investigated by numerical calculations in order to understand the importance of waveguide design parameters, such as core thickness and the optical constants of waveguide materials, on the transmission and coherence properties of the waveguide. The simulation code for mode analyzing is developed based on a numerical solution of the parabolic wave equation. The initial boundary value problem is solved numerically using a finite-difference scheme based on the Crank-Nicolson scheme. The E-field intensities in a core layer are calculated at an X-ray energy of 8.0 keV for air and beryllium(Be) core waveguides with different cladding layers such as Pt, Au, W, Ni and Si to determine the dependence on waveguide materials. The highest E-field intensity radiated at the exit of the waveguide is obtained from the Pt cladded beryllium core with a thickness of 20 nm. However, the intensity from the air core waveguide with Pt cladding reaches 64% of the Be-Pt waveguide. The dependence on the core thickness, which is the major parameter used to generate a single mode in the waveguide, is investigated for the air-Pt, and Be-Pt waveguides at an X-ray energy of 8.0 keV. The mode profiles at the exit are shown for the single mode at a thickness of up to 20 nm for the air-Pt and the Be-Pt waveguides.

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Nanometer Spatial Resolution Achieved in Hard X-Ray Imaging and Laue Diffraction Experiments

Cited by 214 publications

References 12 publications

Implementation of X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy for Investigation of Elemental Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Implementation of X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy for Investigation of Elemental Abnormalities in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Imaging X-ray fluorescence microscope with a Wolter-type grazing-incidence mirror

Mode Propagation in X-Ray Waveguides

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