Nanomembranes in fuel cells

Nanocomposite use in MFCs: a state of the art review

“…27,181 Due to the aforementioned attributes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as a brandnew type of enhanced inorganic ller. 197 A higher power output was produced when CNF/Naon and activated-CNF/Naon membranes were applied to MFCs, demonstrating that MFCs may be made to generate a higher power output with membranes other than Naon 117 and Naon 112. 181 Graphene oxide (GO) has a wide range of possible uses with its large surface area.…”

“…To supply sufficient contacts for proton exchange in the MFC process, MOF materials have a large effective surface area that can hold plenty of acid groups and water molecules. 197 Despite receiving a lot of attention for their excellent proton conductivity, MOFs are extremely challenging to directly process for fuel cells because of their unique and varied crystal structures. The most effective technique to address this issue is to hybridize MOFs with other polymers to create composite membranes.…”

“…24 Nanoparticles increase separation performance by providing preferred permeation routes, preventing unwanted species from passing, and boosting thermal and mechanical characteristics. 24,59,173,197 By interfering with characteristics including proton conductivity, oxygen cross-over, water absorption, separation, and anti-fouling, the use of nanomaterials in membranes can help the system operate more efficiently. 198 The nanocomposite materials in the membranes reduce the pore size and roughness of the membranes, creating high resistance to inter-sectional oxygen flow and noticeable rise in proton-exchange tendency with high coulombic efficiency, resulting in power output, 178 hence boosting the productivity and effectiveness of MFCs in producing electricity and optimising wastewater treatment.…”

Modeling of Electrochemical Impedance of Fuel Cell Based on the Novel Nanocomposite Membrane

“…Proton conductive membrane is the main element of fuel cell, determining the effectiveness of its operating, and therefore must meet a number of requirements: high proton conductivity, low permeability to fuel, high chemical and thermal stability, good mechanical properties and low cost. Nowadays fuel cell technology is based mainly on the Nafion (Du Pont) membranes (perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer) due to their high proton conductivity and excellent durability and chemical stability, however, they are expensive and effective only at the temperatures up to 90°C because of the problem of their dehydration [3]. This limits the operating temperature below 90°C, since the conductivity sharply declines above this temperature.…”

Modeling of Electrochemical Impedance of Fuel Cell Based on Novel Nanocomposite Membrane

“…Nowadays, the Nafion (Du Pont) membranes (made of the perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer) are mainly used in fuel cell technology due to their excellent proton conductivity and high durability and chemical stability. At the same time, they are expensive and effective only at temperatures up to 90 • C [4]. Despite the fact that Nafion can operate at temperatures up to 120 • C, temperatures above 90 • C are much more likely to present problems, since Nafion conductivity is related to the presence of water channels in hydrophilic domains; thus, it is inconvenient to operate Nafion below 0 • C and/or above 100 • C [5][6][7].…”