Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery throughout the Alimentary Canal

Abstract

The field of nanomedicine continues to grow with new technologies and formulations in development for several disease states. Much research focuses on the use of injectable nanomedicines for treatment of neoplasms; however, there are several formulations in development that use nanotechnology that can be administered enterally for noncancer indications. These nanomedicine treatments have been developed for systemic drug delivery or local drug delivery along the gastrointestinal tract. This Review gives a brief overview of the alimentary canal and highlights new research in nanomedicine in noncancer disease states delivered via enteral routes of administration. Relevant recent research is summarized on the basis of the targeted site of action or absorption, including the buccal, sublingual, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine areas of the alimentary canal. The benefits of nanodrug delivery are discussed as well as barriers and challenges for future development in the field.

Galangin: A metabolite that suppresses anti-neoplastic activities through modulation of oncogenic targets

“…The development of new drug delivery methods might not only overcome solubility barriers, but also enhance effective drug concentration in tumors while reducing drug accumulation in normal tissues, reducing undesirable side effects. 5,81–85 Nanoparticular delivery methods might therefore be created to enhance galangin's therapeutic benefits, as an anticancer medication.…”

The Fate of Sialic Acid and PEG Modified Epirubicin Liposomes in Aged versus Young Cells and Tumor Mice Models

“…Pre-clinical anti-tumor studies all use 4–8 weeks old mice as experimental animal models, which seriously ignores the clinical age distribution of patients [ 11 , 12 ]. Over the last two to three decades, several nanoparticles have been designed based on immune system evasion, with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified nanoparticles emerging as the primary type.…”

Concentration and Composition Dependent Aggregation of Pluronic- and Poly-(2-Oxazolin)-Efavirenz Formulations in Biorelevant Media

“…[43]This underlines the need for thorough investigations of complex mixtures of DDS in biorelevant media to gain a better understanding and an improved predictability of the in vivo behaviour. [44] Previous studies relied on flux measurements of polymeric drug formulations across artificial membranes in combination with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). [45] 1 H-and DOSY (diffusion ordered spectroscopy) NMR spectroscopy were also identified as suitable tools in the investigation of drug loaded surfactant colloids in FaSSIF [28,46] or lipid free bile salt solutions.…”