Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes (II)

Abstract

An updated comprehensive review to help researchers understand nanozymes better and in turn to advance the field.

Development of Nanozymes for Food Quality and Safety Detection: Principles and Recent Applications

“…), and many other emerging materials such as metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal chalcogenides, and nanohybrids. The large community of nanozymes, which is much more diverse than that of traditional enzyme analogues, endows a solid foundation of practical‐oriented explorations of nanozymes (Huang, Ren, & Qu, ; Wu, Wang et al., ). Accordingly, recent years have witnessed a booming applicability of such abundant and talented nanozymes in the agrifood industry, predominantly for detection applications.…”

“…Recent studies reveal that structural properties (particle size, morphology, defects, and dominant facets) of nanozymes are vital attributors to their catalytic activities, which could be reformed by a variety of surface engineering means (charges, coatings, modifications, and loadings) (Wu, Wang et al., ). On the basis of these facts, positive investigations are devoted to create stimuli‐responsive surfaces of nanozymes by surface engineering strategies to allow for not only target recognition, but also target‐dependent catalytic activities.…”

“…It is mentioned above that nanozymes not only are featured with active enzyme‐like properties, but also have many functions beyond catalysis due to their intrinsic nanostructured nature (Wu, Wang et al., ). Numerous high‐performance detection platforms are achieved by the cooperation of enzyme‐like properties and other useful functions of nanozymes (Figure ).…”

“…Compared with natural enzymes, nanozymes have advantages of low cost, ease of mass production, resistance to severe environments, long‐term storage, high stability, and on‐demand tailorable activity. Nowadays, boosted by the continuous advancement of nanotechnology, nanozymes with enzyme‐mimicking properties and nanomaterial features have shown applications in a large variety of fields including biochemical engineering, sensor development, environmental and agricultural remediation, and medical therapeutics (Lei et al, 2019; Jiang et al., ; Song, Zhao, Wang, Ozaki, & Lu, ; Wu, Wang et al., ). Specifically, nanozymes have exhibited great promise to conquer the current limits of traditional enzymes in food analysis.…”

A Bacteriochlorin‐Based Metal–Organic Framework Nanosheet Superoxide Radical Generator for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided Highly Efficient Photodynamic Therapy

“…[20][21][22] It reacts with proteins, DNA, or lipids, to achieve irreversible cellular components damage and dysfunction in cell metabolism and even cell apoptosis. [24][25][26] The accumulated H 2 O 2 further transforms into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (OH•) to significantly aggravate the oxidative damage and enhance PDT anticancer efficiency. [24][25][26] The accumulated H 2 O 2 further transforms into highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (OH•) to significantly aggravate the oxidative damage and enhance PDT anticancer efficiency.…”