Nanomaterials‐supported Pt catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract

This paper reviews over 100 articles related to the development of nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanowires as catalyst supports for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Several different novel methods for support and catalyst synthesis are discussed in detail. The fabrication processes for these nanomaterial-supported platinum (Pt) catalysts, catalyst layers, and membrane electrode assemblies are also reviewed. On the basis of the literature review, several research directions for catalyst cost reduction, catalytic activity, and durability enhancement are

Electrocatalytic Activity and Stability of Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon–Molybdenum Oxides for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

“…For example, the potential oscillations that occur when aP EMFC is turned on/off have ag reat influence on the stabilityo ft he platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) because of promotion of dissolution and re-deposition of the NPs (electrochemical Ostwald ripening), as well as crystallite migration followed by coalescence. [2][3][4][5][6] Strategies for overcoming electrode catalyst instability [2,7,8] rely on the development of catalytic supports that confer stability to the Pt NPs and that also diminish the problem of corrosion of typical carbon supports.…”

“…MoO 3 ), as they separatephysically the catalytic particles, thus preventing their agglomeration. [9] It is also believed that foreign oxide species can modify the electronic nature of the Pt NPs, hence affecting their chemisorptive and catalytic properties.…”

“…Moreover,s tudies on the mechanisms by which the nanoparticles( supported on these oxides)a re degraded are still missing. Therefore, this work aims at providing knowledge on the stability of Pt NPs supported on carbon mixed withm olybdenumo xides( MoO 3 and MoO 2 )a sw ell as characterizing the influence of the support on the catalytic properties of the Pt NPs in the ORR in an acidic environment. As ystematic accelerated degradation test [2] was performed, with the intention of analyzing the Pt NPs modificationsa nd correlating them to the degradation mechanisms and the natureo ft he catalytic support.…”

Core–Shell-Structured Low-Platinum Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications

“…The reason catalysts cost so much in FCVs is because in current LTFC technologies, platinum-based nanomaterials are necessary components of the main electrocatalysts used at both the anode and cathode of LTFC systems. This is because platinum (Pt) exhibits the highest catalytic activity for both H 2 oxidation and oxygen reduction among other pure metals, particularly in acidic media [8][9][10]. Therefore, the reduction of Pt loading in LTFC electrocatalysts is the most efficient approach to reduce FCV costs.…”

Estudo da atividade e da estabilidade de eletrocatalisadores de Pt suportados em carbono, monocarbeto e dióxido de tungstênio frente a reação de redução de oxigênio

“…A busca por materiais que previnam problemas de agregação, dissolução e isolamento das nanopartículas de Pt é de fundamental importância para o aumento da faixa de aplicação das células a combustível em todo o mundo [15], [28], [35], [38]. …”