Nanomaterials: Science and applications in the lithium–sulfur battery

Ma, Lin; Hendrickson, Kenville E.; Wei, Shuya; Archer, Lynden A.

doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2015.04.011

Cited by 328 publications

(224 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…[4][5][6] But the commercial application of Li-S batteries is hindered by several inherent issues, including the poor electrical conductivity of sulfur, the large volume expansion (about 80%) during the charge process, and the loss of active mass in the cathode due to the dissolution of lithium polysuldes in the electrolyte and the shuttle effect.…”

Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene platelets with in situ nitrogen and sulfur doping for lithium–sulfur batteries

et al. 2017

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The interaction between lithium polysulfides and doped heteroatoms could prevent the loss of soluble polysulfides in the cathode and mitigate the shuttle effect in lithium-sulfur batteries. Herein, a facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene platelets (NSGs) with in situ nitrogen and sulfur doping by the pyrolysis of a self-assembled L-cysteine precursor on sodium chloride crystal surface for structuredirecting is presented. The mesoporous lamellar structure of the NSG possesses a uniform distribution of pyrrolic N, pyridinic N, and thiosulphate structured heteroatoms originating from in situ doping, which promotes the confinement of intermediate polysulfides. Combining the strong interactions with soluble polysulfide, flexible mesoporous architecture, and high conductivity of graphene, the prepared NSG material exhibited a high initial capacity of 1433 mA h g À1 at a 2C rate as well as a reversible capacity of 684 mA h g À1 after 200 cycles. This demonstrates that the in situ nitrogen and sulfur doped thin lamellar structure of graphene would be a promising cathode material for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

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Section: -3mentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene platelets with in situ nitrogen and sulfur doping for lithium–sulfur batteries

et al. 2017

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“…200 mAh/g for LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 (NCA)) in use within today's lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). [3][4][5] When paired with a lithium metal anode, which also boasts more than 10-fold improvement in theoretical specific capacity (3800 mAh/g) relative to the graphitic carbon anode (360 mAh/g) used in LIBs, the sulfur cathode becomes legitimately one of the most important conversion cathodes because it enables a battery technology with exceptional specific energy per unit mass (2600 Wh/kg) or unit volume (2800Wh/L). [6][7][8] Other attributes of the Li-S cell, including the low cost of the active cathode material and the spontaneous nature of the electrochemical conversion reactions in the cathode, which do not require a catalyst, have been amply discussed in several excellent recent reviews.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] Other attributes of the Li-S cell, including the low cost of the active cathode material and the spontaneous nature of the electrochemical conversion reactions in the cathode, which do not require a catalyst, have been amply discussed in several excellent recent reviews. 3,5,9 Here we focus on molecular engineering strategies that can be used to overcome the major obstacles within Li-S batteries, such as the poor conductivity of sulfur and its discharge products, and the large volume contraction and expansion of sulfur that accompanies its redox reaction with lithium, 5,9 that impede realization of commercial Li-S cells that live up to the potential of this battery chemistry. Of particular interest is the inherently complex physical chemistry of solid state and solvated lithium polysulfide (LiPS) species that lead to a variety of debilitating traits in Li-S cells, including high rates of self-discharge, poor capacity retention and fading over many cycles of charge and discharge, passivation of the lithium metal anode by dissolved sulfur species, and low cell efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Conductive, Sulfonated, UV-Cross-Linked Separators for Li–S Batteries

Nath

et al. 2016

Chem. Mater.

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Metal (based on Li, Na, Mg, or Al)-sulfur batteries are promising candidates for rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices capable of high charge storage. However, the success of metal-sulfur battery technology calls for solutions of fundamental problems associated with the inherently complex solution chemistry and interfacial reactivity of sulfur and polysulfide species in commonly used electrolytes. It is understood that the dissolution and shuttling of polysulfides induce rapid capacity degradation, poor cycling stability and low efficiency of the cells. Herein, we report on the synthesis and transport properties of membranes containing sulfonate groups that are able to rectify transport of polysulfide species in liquid electrolytes. Comprised of a cross-linked polyethylene glycol (PEG) framework containing pendant SO 3 2-groups, the membranes facilitate electrolyte wetting and Li + ion transport, but are highly selective in preventing migration of negatively charged sulfur species (S n 2-) dissolved in liquid electrolytes.We argue that the ion rectifying properties originate from two sources, the small tortuous pores originating from cross-linking small PEG molecules and from repulsive electrostatic interactions between the pendant SO 3 2-groups and large migrating S n 2-species. Here we demonstrate the effectiveness of such membranes in Li-S batteries, wherein we find that the materials enable high-efficiency (>98%) cycling in additives-free electrolyte. Such membranes are also attractive in other electrochemical cell designs where they serve to decouple transport of positive and negative charged ions in the electrolyte to minimize polarization.

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“…In order to increase the energy density of LIB, researchers focus on developing electrode materials with high specific capacity that may involve charging to increased upper cutoff potentials. 2,3 Several methods have been investigated to allow LIB to use higher cutoff potentials without compromising their lifetime. Sun et al 4 and Hu et al 5 showed that AlF 3 or ZrO 2 -coatings improved the rate capability, cycling stability and interface stability for Li [ Alternative solvents are another way of extending the potential operating range for LIB.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide to Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolyte Making for Li-Ion Cells

Glazier

Petibon

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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117

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Li [Ni 0.42 Mn 0.42 Co 0.16 ]O 2 (NMC442)/graphite pouch cells demonstrate superb performance at high voltage when ethylene carbonate (EC)-free electrolytes, using a solvent mixture that is >95% ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and between 2 and 5% of an "enabler", are used. The "enablers", required to passivate graphite during formation, can be vinylene carbonate (VC), methylene-ethylene carbonate (MEC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or difluoro ethylene carbonate (DiFEC), among others. In order to optimize the amount of "enabler" added to EMC, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to track the consumption of "enabler" during the formation step. Storage tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ultrahigh precision coulometry (UHPC), long-term cycling, differential voltage analysis and isothermal microcalorimetry were used to determine the optimum amount of enabler to add to the cells. It was found that the graphite negative electrode cannot be fully passivated when the amount of "enabler" is too low resulting in gas production and capacity fade. Using excess "enabler" can cause large impedance and gas production in most cases. The choice of "enabler" also impacts cell performance. A solvent blend of 5% FEC with 95% EMC (by weight) provides the best combination of properties in NMC442/graphite cells operated to 4.4 V. It is our opinion that the experiments and their interpretation presented here represent a primer for the design of EC-free electrolytes. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are now widely used in electrified vehicles and energy storage systems.1 These applications require longer calendar and cycle lifetime as well as higher energy density. In order to increase the energy density of LIB, researchers focus on developing electrode materials with high specific capacity that may involve charging to increased upper cutoff potentials.2,3

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Nanomaterials: Science and applications in the lithium–sulfur battery

Cited by 328 publications

References 145 publications

Facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene platelets with in situ nitrogen and sulfur doping for lithium–sulfur batteries

Facile synthesis of mesoporous graphene platelets with in situ nitrogen and sulfur doping for lithium–sulfur batteries

Highly Conductive, Sulfonated, UV-Cross-Linked Separators for Li–S Batteries

A Guide to Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolyte Making for Li-Ion Cells

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