Nanomaterials for the treatment of bacterial infection by photothermal/photodynamic synergism

Abstract

In the past few decades, great progress has been made in the field of nanomaterials against bacterial infection. However, with the widespread emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, people try their best to explore and develop new antibacterial strategies to fight bacteria without obtaining or increasing drug resistance. Recently, multi-mode synergistic therapy has been considered as an effective scheme for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially the combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with controllable, non-invasive, small side effects and broad-spectrum antibacterial characteristics. It can not only improve the efficiency of antibiotics, but also do not promote antibiotic resistance. Therefore, multifunctional nanomaterials which combine the advantages of PTT and PDT are more and more used in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, there is still a lack of a comprehensive review of the synergistic effect of PTT and PDT in anti-infection. This review first focuses on the synthesis of synergistic photothermal/photodynamic nanomaterials and discusses the ways and challenges of photothermal/photodynamic synergism, as well as the future research direction of photothermal/photodynamic synergistic antibacterial nanomaterials.

Nanogold-coated stent facilitated non-invasive photothermal ablation of stent thrombosis and restoration of blood flow

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a well-established but burgeoning eld of medical research that has been widely employed in wound healing, [14][15][16][17] treatment of bacterial infection, [18][19][20][21] pain relief, 22,23 drug delivery [24][25][26][27] and for selective thermal ablation of malignant tissues [54][55][56][57][58] at temperatures above 40 °C, which ensues protein denaturation and disruption of target cell membranes. Subsequent studies from our group and others established the anti-thrombotic attributes of PTT as it leads to disintegration of brin-rich clots by segregation of component brin strands, which are then washed off from the lesion site under arterial hydrodynamic shear.…”

“…Advantages of minimal invasive photothermal therapy have widely been recognized as an effective, safer and sound approach in wound healing, [14][15][16][17] treatment of bacterial infection, [18][19][20][21] pain relief, 22,23 drug delivery [24][25][26][27] and cancer management. [27][28][29] For example, an attempt has been made to manage obstructive rectal cancer 30 or minimize rat esophageal granulation tissue 31 with heat generated from photothermally active stents.…”