Nanomaterials based Decontamination Formulation for use in Personal Decontamination Kit Against Chemical Warfare Agents

Abstract

Present paper relates to nanomaterials based decontamination formulation made up of TiO 2 , MgO, and ZnO nanoparticles for the use against chemical warfare agents. This decontamination formulation was prepared by mixing 90 per cent of TiO 2 nanoparticles of 5-15 nm size range, 8 per cent of MgO nanoparticles of 5-15 nm size range, and 2 per cent of ZnO nanoparticles of 20-30 nm size range. Prepared formulation exhibited 98-99 per cent of physical removal efficiency against contaminated glass, rubber, painted metal, metal surfaces. It efficiently removed chemical warfare agents from contaminated skin thus ameliorating chances of fatality which is expected due to skin penetrated chemical warfare agents. It also chemically degraded 97 per cent of sulphur mustard in 24 h, 99.9 per cent of sarin in 2 h, respectively unlike Fuller's earth which chemically degraded only 63 per cent of sulphur mustard and 59 per cent of sarin in 24 h .

Is Neurotoxicity of Metallic Nanoparticles the Cascades of Oxidative Stress?

“…With the rapid development of nanotechnology, metallic NPs or NP-based products, due to their outstanding physicochemical characteristics, are widely used in many fields such as cosmetics [ 11 – 13 ], the food industry [ 14 – 17 ], building materials [ 18 , 19 ], biomedical applications [ 20 – 23 ], painting [ 24 – 26 ], and decontaminants [ 27 – 29 ]. However, widespread applications imply that humans might be unintentionally exposed to metallic NPs.…”

A facile ceria–zirconia binary oxide used for degradation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide

“…4First order kinetics of degradation of 2-CEES on the samples J Mater Sci steady state reaction[9]. Although the surface area has been proved to be one of the most decisive factors to the degradation performance of reactive sorbents[10,14,30], the parallel surface area of the as-received samples in this work cannot create any more difference on the degradation performance. The fast reaction stage of Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 lasts for about 4 h while that of the other samples last for only 2 h, indicating more surface reactive sites on Ce 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 .…”

“…8b) [38,41]. The chemisorbed water is the main source of isolated -OH concentrating more on edge and corner sites which is regarded as active sites for the hydrolysis of CWAs [13,14]. Consequently, the amount of O III can directly correlate to the degradation efficiency against CWAs.…”

“…For instance, the surface hydroxyl groups connecting to an edge and a corner, i.e., isolate hydroxyl groups, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9159-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. exhibit higher hydrolysis or nucleophilic substitution reactivity due to their basic characteristic compared to associated hydroxyl groups on flat planes [13,14].…”

Metal–Organic Framework Gels for Adsorption and Catalytic Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents: A Review

“…Although chemical weapons are regulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention, the potential for their use by extremist countries or organizations remains. Therefore, the development of effective protective materials against chemical warfare agents remains crucial [7][8][9][10][11]. Due to the highly toxic nature of nerve and erosive agents, their simulants with lower toxicities (right, Figure 1) are often used in research to reduce the risk of accidental poisoning.…”