Nanomaterials and new biorecognition molecules based surface plasmon resonance biosensors for mycotoxin detection

Human Biomonitoring of Mycotoxins in Blood, Plasma and Serum in Recent Years: A Review

“…These devices have the advantage of being portable, sensitive and not as expensive as raditional approaches [93]. Recently, excellent reviews have been published regarding the evelopment and the applicability of biosensors for mycotoxin determination [94][95][96][97][98]. Recent advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) [48,49,81] and the use of multi-mycotoxin biomarker databases have improved the identification and validation of biomarkers of exposure and revealed new mycotoxin metabolites [43].…”

“…These devices have the advantage of being portable, sensitive and not as expensive as traditional approaches [93]. Recently, excellent reviews have been published regarding the development and the applicability of biosensors for mycotoxin determination [94][95][96][97][98] [102] developed a methodology based on biosensors for the determination of OTA in human serum in which the samples do not need pretreatment, only dilution, before analysis. The recovery rate was from 92% to 101.9% in spiked serum samples.…”

“…In addition, the obtained results were compared with those obtained using UHPLC-MS/MS and a good correlation for the mycotoxin levels by the two methodologies was found. Nevertheless, and despite the advantages of biosensors and their foreseeable interest for mycotoxin determination in the future, nowadays, biosensors are still under development and research [97,98] and new advances should be made in order to enhance their specificity and sensitivity [98].…”

Nanosensors and particles: a technology frontier with pitfalls

“…This opened the door to a range of medical applications, including transformative technologies for point of care monitoring and diagnostics devices. It's thus a timely occasion to review the successes of nanoparticles and sensors tailored to serve highly specific functions, from medical applications [2][3][4][5][6] to sensing the environment [7][8][9][10][11][12], as well as to ask where and when caution is warranted [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…While nanosensors have already revolutionized nonmedical applications, including construction materials and the food industry, as well as the diagnostic medtech market, i.e. the use of sensors for in vitro diagnostics [10,11], the progress in bringing nanoparticles into the clinic has been far slower than expected. Even though the majority of nanotechnology funding in bioengineering and medicine went into approaches to target tumor tissues with nanoparticles, a thorough meta-analysis of the literature from the last decade revealed that only a tiny fraction of the administered nanoparticles (< 1%) were actually delivered to solid tumours, whether based on organic or inorganic materials and with just minor differences based on their physical characteristics [25].…”