Nanomaterial powders and deposits prepared by flame spray processing of liquid precursors

Karthikeyan, J.; Berndt, C. C.; Tikkanen, Juha; Wang, Jenn Yue; King, Alexander H.; Herman, H.

doi:10.1016/s0965-9773(97)00066-4

Cited by 108 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This process offers advantages such as low cost, single step processing, versatility and high production rates [139][140][141][142]. In the combustion flame spraying process, burning a fuel/oxygen mixture in spray torch [140] or flat-flame burner [141] generates a flame. Chemical precursors are vaporized in the hot zone of the flame and pyrolysis occurs in the thin hot zone (Fig.…”

Section: Spray Conversion Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 shows a typical TEM micrograph of cube-shaped and crystalline CoO x nanopowders (10-35 nm) prepared by the flat flame burner technique [142]. Combustion flame spraying has been used to produce a variety of high purity and non-agglomerated metal oxide nanoparticles such as [140,142]. Fig.…”

Section: Spray Conversion Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CVC process has been used to synthesize zirconia powders, with controlled particle size in the range of 2-20 nm [144,145]. Zirconia powders synthesized via flame combustion are reported to exhibit a size range of 12-150 nm [140].…”

Section: Spray Conversion Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline materials and coatings

Tjong

Chen

2004

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

804

343

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In recent years, near-nano (submicron) and nanostructured materials have attracted increasingly more attention from the materials community. Nanocrystalline materials are characterized by a microstructural length or grain size of up to about 100 nm. Materials having grain size of $0.1 to 0.3 mm are classified as submicron materials. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit various shapes or forms, and possess unique chemical, physical or mechanical properties. When the grain size is below a critical value ($10-20 nm), more than 50 vol.% of atoms is associated with grain boundaries or interfacial boundaries. In this respect, dislocation pile-ups cannot form, and the Hall-Petch relationship for conventional coarse-grained materials is no longer valid. Therefore, grain boundaries play a major role in the deformation of nanocrystalline materials. Nanocrystalline materials exhibit creep and super plasticity at lower temperatures than conventional micro-grained counterparts. Similarly, plastic deformation of nanocrystalline coatings is considered to be associated with grain boundary sliding assisted by grain boundary diffusion or rotation. In this review paper, current developments in fabrication, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials and coatings will be addressed. Particular attention is paid to the properties of transition metal nitride nanocrystalline films formed by ion beam assisted deposition process. #

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Section: Spray Conversion Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spray Conversion Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocrystalline materials and coatings

Tjong

Chen

2004

Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports

804

343

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“…Liquid feeding-based flame methods also offer a controlled way to synthesize mixed oxides like MgAl 2 O 4 , CeO 2 /ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 [1], and SiO 2 /TiO 2 [5]. In Liquid flame spray (LFS), a high-velocity high-temperature flame is used to produce nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Oxide Doped Alumina-Zirconia Nanoparticle Synthesis by Liquid Flame Spray from Metal Organic Precursors

Nikkanen

Keskinen

Aromaa

et al. 2008

Research Letters in Nanotechnology

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The liquid flame spray (LFS) method was used to make iron oxide doped alumina-zirconia nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were generated using a turbulent, high-temperature (T max ∼3000 K) H 2 -O 2 flame. The precursors were aluminium-isopropoxide, zirconium-n-propoxide, and ferrocene in xylene solution. The solution was atomized into micron-sized droplets by high velocity H 2 flow and introduced into the flame where nanoparticles were formed. The particle morphology, size, phase, and chemical composition were determined by TEM, XRD, XPS, and N 2 -adsorption measurements. The collected particulate material consists of micron-sized aggregates with nanosized primary particles. In both doped and undoped samples, tetragonal phase of zirconia was detected in room temperature while alumina was found to be noncrystalline. In the doped powder, Fe was oxidized to Fe 2 O 3 . The primary particle size of collected sample was approximately from 6 nm to 40 nm. Doping was observed to increase the specific surface area of the powder from 39 m 2 /g to 47 m 2 /g.

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“…Several gas-phase production routes have been applied to receive nanostructured materials, but most of them are afflicted by a low output or the necessity of expensive metal-organic precursors [5][6][7][8][9]. The most promising gasphase route is based on flame reactors, applied in industry for large-scale production of high purity nanoscale materials like carbon black and oxide materials like silica and titania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame spray synthesis and characterisation of stabilised ZrO2 and CeO2 electrolyte nanopowders for SOFC applications at intermediate temperatures

et al. 2007

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by a liquid-fed one-step flame spray synthesis from waterbased solutions, or cost-effective rare earth nitrates with a high water content. It was found that this one-step synthesis, based on an acetylene-supported flame is able to produce phase pure and highly crystalline, nanoscale electrolyte materials. The assynthesised powders show a cubic lattice structure independent of production rates. Specific surface areas of the powders were adjusted between 20 and 60 m 2 g −2, where the latter is an upper limit for the further processing of the powders in terms of screen printing. The influence of process parameters on morphology, particle size, composition, crystallinity, lattice parameter, shrinkage behaviour and coefficient of thermal expansion of the as-synthesised powders were systematically investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dilatometry. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was applied at temperatures between 300°C and 900°C and confirmed the high quality and the competitive electrochemical behaviour of the produced powders.

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Nanomaterial powders and deposits prepared by flame spray processing of liquid precursors

Cited by 108 publications

References 21 publications

Nanocrystalline materials and coatings

Nanocrystalline materials and coatings

Iron Oxide Doped Alumina-Zirconia Nanoparticle Synthesis by Liquid Flame Spray from Metal Organic Precursors

Flame spray synthesis and characterisation of stabilised ZrO2 and CeO2 electrolyte nanopowders for SOFC applications at intermediate temperatures

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