Nanomaterial-doped conducting polymers for electrochemical sensors and biosensors

Wang, Guixiang; Morrin, Aoife; Li, Mengru; Liu, Nianzu; Liu, Xiang

doi:10.1039/c8tb00817e

Cited by 154 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…This interest is due to their tunable electrical conductivity that can be achieved through, facile polymerization, doping and their soft organic material properties [16]. They have important applications in electrochemical sensor and biosensor systems [17][18][19]. Conducting polymers are usually synthesized by chemical and electrochemical methods, mainly through oxidative polymerization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Acar

Atun

2018

Electroanalysis

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In this paper, we report an electrochemical material for nicotine detection in aqueous solution by using glassy carbon electrode (GCE) electrodeposited with Nickel(II) phthalocyanine‐tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (polyNiTSPc) in Tetra n‐bütil ammonium hydroxide (TnBAH) alkaline solution. The detection performance of the polyNiTSPc/GCE and the reaction mechanism of nicotine electro‐oxidation process is investigated using Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) techniques in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5). The conductivity properties of the bare GCE and polyNiTSPc/GCE were analysed using Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology of bare GCE and polyNiTSPc/GCE are characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). PolyNiTSPc shows high catalytic activity for the electro‐oxidation of nicotine, with the limit of detection at 146 nM nicotine. PolyNiTSPc/GCE can be used as a biosensor with very low detection limit for nicotine. Electrode process for nicotine oxidation is diffusion controlled, including irreversible one‐electron transfer attributed to the nicotine/nicotine‐Δ1′,(5′)‐iminium ion conversion on the polyNiTSPc coated electrode. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the polyNiTSPc against nicotine plays a similar role as CYP2A6 enzyme which catalyses the intermediate reaction product of nicotine‐cotinine transformation in most mammalian species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Acar

Atun

2018

Electroanalysis

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“…Further, Ayad et al reported the synthesis of PANI and PPY nanotubes, nanorods, nanoflowers, nanoflakes, and nanocomposites via chemical oxidative polymerization using diluted aqueous camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and acetic acid solutions as shown in Figure 2 [37,38]. Besides, the incorporation of metals/metal oxide NPs, graphene, or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into nanostructured PANI and PPY has been recently reported as a way of increasing the CP electrochemical and electrocatalytic activities and sensing capabilities [39][40][41][42].…”

Section: Synthesis Of Nanostructured Conducting Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Torad¹,

Ayad²

2020

Gas Sensors

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Since the discovery of conducting polymers (CPs), their unique properties and tailor-made structures on-demand have shown in the last decade a renaissance and have been widely used in fields of chemistry and materials science. The chemical and thermal stability of CPs under ambient conditions greatly enhances their utilizations as active sensitive layers deposited either by in situ chemical or by electrochemical methodologies over electrodes and electrode arrays for fabricating gas sensor devices, to respond and/or detect particular toxic gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and ions trapping at ambient temperature for environmental remediation and industrial quality control of production. Due to the extent of the literature on CPs, this chapter, after a concise introduction about the development of methods and techniques in fabricating CP nanomaterials, is focused exclusively on the recent advancements in gas sensor devices employing CPs and their nanocomposites. The key issues on nanostructured CPs in the development of state-of-the-art miniaturized sensor devices are carefully discussed. A perspective on next-generation sensor technology from a material point of view is demonstrated, as well. This chapter is expected to be comprehensive and useful to the chemical community interested in CPs-based gas sensor applications.

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“…Doping offers endless possibilities for tuning the properties of the conducting polymer as the dopants carry in their unique characteristics and functionality. Various dopants can be incorporated into conducting polymers such as: nonbioactive ions/materials, peptides, proteins, polysaccharides, anti‐inflammatory compounds, and even cells . Large biomolecules are immobilized this way to impart bioactivity to the conducting polymers, while smaller dopants can be released via ion exchange or electrochemical controls .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle Doped PEDOT for Enhanced Electrode Coatings and Drug Delivery

Woeppel

Zheng

Schulte

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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In order to address material limitations of biologically interfacing electrodes, modified silica nanoparticles are utilized as dopants for conducting polymers. Silica precursors are selected to form a thiol modified particle (TNP), following which the particles are oxidized to sulfonate modified nanoparticles (SNPs). The selective inclusion of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide allows for synthesis of both porous and nonporous SNPs. Nonporous nanoparticle doped polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) films possess low interfacial impedance, high charge injection (4.8 mC cm−2), and improved stability under stimulation compared to PEDOT/poly(styrenesulfonate). Porous SNP dopants can serve as drug reservoirs and greatly enhance the capability of conducting polymer‐based, electrically controlled drug release technology. Using the SNP dopants, drug loading and release is increased up to 16.8 times, in addition to greatly expanding the range of drug candidates to include both cationic and electroactive compounds, all while maintaining their bioactivity. Finally, the PEDOT/SNP composite is capable of precisely modulating neural activity in vivo by timed release of a glutamate receptor antagonist from coated microelectrode sites. Together, this work demonstrates the feasibility and potential of doping conducting polymers with engineered nanoparticles, creating countless options to produce composite materials for enhanced electrical stimulation, neural recording, chemical sensing, and on demand drug delivery.

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Nanomaterial-doped conducting polymers for electrochemical sensors and biosensors

Abstract: This review summarizes recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on nanomaterial doped conducting polymers.

Cited by 154 publications

References 150 publications

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Sensitive Determination of Nicotine on PolyNiTSPc Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode: Investigation of Reaction Mechanism

Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymers

Nanoparticle Doped PEDOT for Enhanced Electrode Coatings and Drug Delivery

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