Nanomaterial Biointerfacing via Mitochondrial Membrane Coating for Targeted Detoxification and Molecular Detection

Abstract

Natural cell membranes derived from various cell sources have been successfully utilized to coat nanomaterials for functionalization. However, intracellular membranes from the organelles of eukaryotes remain unexplored. Herein, we choose mitochondrion as a representative cell organelle and coat outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) from mouse livers onto nanoparticles and field-effect transistors (FETs) through a membrane vesicle–substrate fusion process. Polymeric nanoparticles coated with OMM (OMM-NPs) can bind with ABT-263, a B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor that targets the OMM. As a result, OMM-NPs effectively protect the cells from ABT-263 induced cell death and apoptosis in vitro and attenuated ABT-263-induced thrombocytopenia in vivo. Meanwhile, FET sensors coated with OMM (OMM-FETs) can detect and distinguish anti-Bcl-2 antibody and small molecule agonists. Overall, these results show that OMM can be coated onto the surfaces of both nanoparticles and functional devices, suggesting that intracellular membranes can be used as coating materials for novel biointerfacing.

Macrophage-biomimetic porous Se@SiO2 nanocomposites for dual modal immunotherapy against inflammatory osteolysis

“…In contrast, tumor cells increase homologous recognition for antitumor therapy [ 24 ], and macrophages and neutrophils reduce immune system clearance while adsorbing endotoxins and cytokines to reduce inflammation [ 33 , 37 ]. Indeed, platelet, bacterial, and mitochondrial membranes are increasingly used to coat nanospheres [ 31 , 38 , 39 ]. Moreover, the inner layer of porous Se@SiO 2 nanospheres suppresses inflammation by releasing ultramicroscopic quantum dots of Se.…”

Macrophage-Biomimetic Porous Se@SiO2 Nanocomposites For “Dual Model” Immunotherapy Against Inflammatory Osteolysis

“…[33,37] Indeed, platelet, bacterial, and mitochondrial membranes are increasingly used to coat nanospheres. [31,38,39] Moreover, the inner layer of porous Se@SiO 2 nanospheres suppresses in ammation by releasing ultramicroscopic quantum dots of Se. Silica platforms are excellent nanocarriers due to their high biocompatibility, controlled drug loading, and simple production.…”

“…[27][28][29] Moreover, cell membranes of various cells such as red blood cells, macrophages, platelets, and tumor cells can be used according to different functional requirements. [30][31][32] For instance, macrophagemembrane-coated nanoparticles have been used for the treatment of sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and bone regeneration due to their ability to neutralize endotoxins and proin ammatory cytokines, providing a promising delivery system of nanotherapeutics against in ammatory osteolysis. [33][34][35] Macrophagemembrane-coated nanoparticles exhibit the same characteristics antigenic properties as macrophages and their membrane protein receptors are conserved, indicating their potential to bind to in ammatory mediators and block in ammatory responses.…”

Emerging vaccine nanotechnology: From defense against infection to sniping cancer

“…For example, the red blood cell (RBC) membrane can extend circulation and improve the bioavailability of nanoparticles 134 ; platelet membranes can achieve targeting to the damaged vasculature and certain pathogens 135 ; nanoparticles coated with cancer cell membranes have shown autologous targeting to cancer cells 136 ; immune cell membrane-coating can endow the nanoparticle the ability to interaction with tumor tissues 137 . In addition to cell membranes, intracellular membranes such as outer mitochondrial membrane can also be utilized for specific targeting and detection 138 . Besides, biomimetic nanoparticles may be exploited as cancer nanovaccines with combined photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) against metastasis 139 , 140 .…”