Nanoliposome-Encapsulated Phenolic Rich Fraction From Alcea Rosea as a Dietary Phytobiotic in Mice Challenged by Escherichia Coli

Abstract

Purpose This research was performed to evaluate the antibacterial and health-promoting potentials of the nanoliposome-encapsulated phenolic rich fraction (PRF) from Alcea rosea leaves as a dietary phytobiotic in mice challenged by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coil; O157: H7). Method: The PEF was encapsulated in nanoliposomes (PEF-NLs) and the phenolic profiling of PEF-NLs was confirmed by HPLC. Then 40 white male balb/c mice at four treatment groups were provided and antibacterial potential of PEF-NLs were assessed by measuring the mice blood parameters and liver lipid peroxidation in mice infected by E. coli. Finally, the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined in miceʼs ileum tissues. Meanwhile, relative fold changes in the ileum population of E. coli was analyzed using Real time PCR. Results The overall results demonstrated that the nanoliposome-loaded PRF contained gallic acid, salicylic acid, pyrogallol, cinnamic acid, catechin, naringin, ferulic acid. The E. coil challenge in mice impaired the weight gain, food intake, liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation, morphometric characteristics of the ileum, up-regulated the inflammatory genes (COX2, iNOS), down-regulated the antioxidant-related genes (SOD and GPx) and increased the population of E. coil in the ileum. The dietary inclusion of nonencapsulated PRF and nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF at the concentration of 10 mg TPC/kg BW/day improved these parameters however the nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF appeared to be more effective as compared to nonencapsulated PRF in improving the health parameters in mice. Conclusion Consequently, the nanoliposome-encapsulated PRF could play a critical role as a promising phytobiotic against E. coil infection in mice.