Nanolayer formation on titanium by phosphonated gelatin for cell adhesion and growth enhancement

Abstract

Phosphonated gelatin was prepared for surface modification of titanium to stimulate cell functions. The modified gelatin was synthesized by coupling with 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid using water-soluble carbodiimide and characterized by 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography. Circular dichroism revealed no differences in the conformations of unmodified and phosphonated gelatin. However, the gelation temperature was changed by the modification. Even a high concentration of modified gelatin did not form a gel at room temperature. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry showed direct bonding between the phosphonated gelatin and the titanium surface after binding. The binding behavior of phosphonated gelatin on the titanium surface was quantitatively analyzed by a quartz crystal microbalance. Ellipsometry showed the formation of a several nanometer layer of gelatin on the surface. Contact angle measurement indicated that the modified titanium surface was hydrophobic. Enhancement of the attachment and spreading of MC-3T3L1 osteoblastic cells was observed on the phosphonated gelatin-modified titanium. These effects on cell adhesion also led to growth enhancement. Phosphonation of gelatin was effective for preparation of a cell-stimulating titanium surface.

Chemical and Structural Engineering of Gelatin-Based Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Applications: A Review

“…The resulted gelatin shows strong binding affinity to bioactive macromolecules including hydroxyapatite, diphosphates, and alendronate, which displays a great potential in tissue engineering. 45 For instance, alendronate modified gelatin can be synthesized by modifying phosphate on the surface of gelatin for treating injured bone tissues. 95 In a study conducted by Wei et al, 96 the potential of enhancing osteogenesis was investigated by incorporating alendronate into biomineralized microspheres (Figure 6a).…”

“…Each polypeptide chain in gelatin contains an extended l -proline helical conformation and 50–1000 amino acids, permitting the preparation of phosphonate gelatin. The resulted gelatin shows strong binding affinity to bioactive macromolecules including hydroxyapatite, diphosphates, and alendronate, which displays a great potential in tissue engineering . For instance, alendronate modified gelatin can be synthesized by modifying phosphate on the surface of gelatin for treating injured bone tissues .…”

Self-Assembled Monolayers for Dental Implants

“…Bioactive surfaces have been developed to improve the osseointegration of bone with dental materials like titanium through coating strategies with immobilized biomolecules such as cell adhesive peptides having the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that play important roles in bone formation in vivo [ 20 ], to promote the adhesion of bone cells (i.e., osteoblasts) and subsequent proliferation and mineralization activities [ 21 , 22 ], to induce alkaline phosphatase activity in fibroblast [ 23 ] or the attachment of osteoblast [ 24 ].…”