Nanogenerator as an active sensor for vortex capture and ambient wind-velocity detection

Zhang, Rui; Lin, Long; Jing, Qingshen; Wu, Wenzhuo; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Jiao; Yan, Liang; Han, Ray P. S.; Wang, Zhong Lin

doi:10.1039/c2ee22354f

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Recently, flow-induced vibration of flexible structures has been suggested as an alternative to overcome the drawbacks of wind-turbine-based wind energy generator including structural complexity, the large volume and weight, high cost of manufacturing and installation, low efficiency and noise. Most research in this area is focused on piezoelectric materials [4][5][6][7] such as lead zirconium titanate and polyvinylidene fluoride, where a deformation of piezoelectric material gives rise to electrical energy. The recently invented triboelectric generator harvests mechanical energy through a periodic contact motion based on the coupling of the triboelectric and electrostatic effects, and many approaches have been carried out to improve the electrical output performance of the triboelectric generator [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Flutter-driven triboelectrification for harvesting wind energy

et al. 2014

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Technologies to harvest electrical energy from wind have vast potentials because wind is one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources that nature provides. Here we propose a flutter-driven triboelectric generator that uses contact electrification caused by the selfsustained oscillation of flags. We study the coupled interaction between a fluttering flexible flag and a rigid plate. In doing so, we find three distinct contact modes: single, double and chaotic. The flutter-driven triboelectric generator having small dimensions of 7.5 Â 5 cm at wind speed of 15 ms À 1 exhibits high-electrical performances: an instantaneous output voltage of 200 V and a current of 60 mA with a high frequency of 158 Hz, giving an average power density of approximately 0.86 mW. The flutter-driven triboelectric generation is a promising technology to drive electric devices in the outdoor environments in a sustainable manner.

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confidence: 99%

Flutter-driven triboelectrification for harvesting wind energy

et al. 2014

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“…S6). This experiment show that the semiconductor surface play a key role in this experiment; Both (1) and (2) show that the possibility of chemical 50 reaction between Si and the solutions can be excluded. Both (3) and (4) guarantees that no chemical reaction takes place between the electrodes and the solutions.…”

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confidence: 74%

“…S5) show that no oxidation and reduction peaks in the C-V curve, which means no chemical reaction occurs in the system. It is shown that no electrochemical reactions occur in the potential window of the experiments; 21 (2) 40 the CuCl 2 solution, in which the cell was kept for 22 days, was analysed by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The content of Si in the solution is 0.79 μg/mL, which is the same order of the initial one (0.1 μg/mL); (3) the Ag and Au films still intact when the device was dipped into 45 the solution and measured after 22 days.…”

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Electricity generated from ambient heat across a silicon surface

Tai

Xu²,

Liu

2013

Applied Physics Letters

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These authors contributed equally to this work.We report that electricity can be generated from limitless thermal motion of ions by two dimensional (2D) surface of silicon wafer at room temperature. A typical silicon device, on which asymmetric electrodes with Au and Ag thin films were fabricated, harvested by 2D semiconductor surfaces or low dimensional materials and would contribute significantly to the research of renewable energy. However, this finding does not agree with the second law of thermal dynamatics, and a lot of future work will be need to study the mechanism behind this phenomenon.Self-powered technologies, such as harvesting energy by piezoelectric effect based on ZnO nanowires and from flowing 20 liquids or gases across graphene and carbon nanotubes, have attracted intensive interests.1-7 However, the low output power, as well as the poor reliability are limiting their practical application. Ambient heat, which is a limitless energy source, presents universally as a form of kinetic energy of molecular, atom, particle, 25 ion and electron in gas, liquid and solid states. Recently, we reported electricity generated from the thermal motion of ions in aqueous electrolyte solutions at room temperature by atomic layer 2D materials, such as graphene and reduced graphene oxide. 8,9 Semiconductor surface, which can be reagarded as 2D material, 30 is unstable and tends to be autocompensated because a large number of dangling bonds on the surface results in the appearance of delocalized electronic surface states and unstable Fermi level. [10][11][12][13][14][15] The cations on solid-liquid interface, which are governed by electrochemical double layer, are under thermal motion with a 35 velocity of hundreds of meters per second at room temperature. [16][17][18][19] This unlimited thermal motion can offer the opportunity for momentum transformation between the electrons and the ions and thun excited the unstable electrons to be free electrons.Thus, it is possible to harvest energy in terms of limitless thermal motion of 40 ions by semiconductor surface.Here, we investigated the silicon (Si) devices with asymmetric electrodes configuration to capture such ionic thermal energy and convert it into electricity. Two kinds of metal electrodes with different work functions (Au and Ag) are adopted to achieve 45 Ohmic and Schottky contacts in series for the rectifying function. A possible dynamic drag mechanism is proposed to interpret the energy transformation process. This finding shows potential of harvesting energy from ionic thermal motion at room temperature and will benefit the self-powered technology. , was cleaned in 5% HF for 2 mins to etch the oxidation layer away, then Au and Ag electrodes were deposited on either side of the Si surface by thermal evaporation. 65All the electrodes were sealed from exposing to the electrolyte solution. The exposed area was around 0.3 × 0.8 cm 2 between the electrodes. Fabrication processes of the device are shown in fig. S1. Then, the device was put into aqueou...

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“…Currently, many self-powered electronics or electrochemical applications have been achieved through triboelectric nanogenerators or piezoelectric nanogenerators such as splitting water [12] or degrading methyl orange [13] or sensing [14]. However, air cleaning as a big issue has not been realized using this self-powered method.…”

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confidence: 99%