Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings

Keskin, Damla; Zu, Guangyue; Forson, Abigail M.; Tromp, L.; Sjollema, Jelmer; Rijn, Patrick van

doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.004

Cited by 75 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 277 publications

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“…incapability to adjust properties in accordance with changing wound condition; pain and secondary injuries (disturbed new epidermis) due to excessive drying; and loss of efficiency on saturation with exudates. Newer interactive dressings like films and foams are associated with the latter issue of excessive exudate accumulation on site, leading to delayed healing [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Gelling Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel Containing Simvastatin as Suitable Wound Dressing: An Investigative Study

Gupta

Sharma

et al. 2022

Gels

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Hydrogels, an advanced interactive system, is finding use as wound dressings, however, they exhibit restricted mechanical properties, macroscopic nature, and may not manage high exudate wounds or incorporate lipophilic actives. In this study, we developed a self-gelling solid lipid nanoparticle (SLNs) dressing to incorporate simvastatin (SIM), a lipophilic, potential wound-healing agent, clinically limited due to poor solubility (0.03 mg/mL) and absorption. The study explores unconventional and novel application of SIM. The idea was to incorporate a significant amount of SIM in a soluble form and release it slowly over a prolonged time. Further, a suitable polymeric surfactant was selected that assigned a self-gelling property to SLNs (SLN-hydrogel) so as to be used as a novel wound dressing. SLNs assign porosity, elasticity, and occlusivity to the dressing to keep the wound area moist. It will also provide better tolerance and sensory properties to the hydrogel. SIM loaded SLN-hydrogel was prepared employing an industry amenable high-pressure homogenization technique. The unique hydrogel dressing was characterized for particle size, zeta potential, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology, and texture. Significant loading of SIM (10% w/w) was achieved in spherical nanoparticule hydrogel (0.3 nm (nanoparticles) to2 µm (gelled-matrix)) that exhibited good spreadability and mechanical properties and slow release up to 72 h. SLN-hydrogel was safe as per the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD-404) guidelines, with no signs of irritation. Complete healing of excision wound observed in rats within 11 days was 10 times better than marketed povidone-iodine product. The presented work is novel both in terms of classifying a per se SLN-hydrogel and employing SIM. Further, it was established to be a safe, effective, and industry amenable invention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, hydrogel wound dressings may present incompatibility with high exudate wounds and exhibit limited mechanical property and non-adherent and macroscopic nature [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Gelling Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel Containing Simvastatin as Suitable Wound Dressing: An Investigative Study

Gupta

Sharma

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…Nanogels are nanoparticles that consist of a cross-linked and porous hydrophilic polymer network, which can be designed to respond to various stimuli (e.g., temperature, pH, and light) and can be functionalized to introduce various functional groups [29][30][31][32]. So far, a variety of nanogels has been used for catalysis [33,34], selective diagnostics and delivery [35][36][37], and anti-bacterial and antifouling coatings [38,39]. Among them, the thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) p(NIPAM) nanogel undergoes a swollen-to-collapsed transformation at the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT, ~32 • C) [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Nanogels for Gene Delivery

et al. 2021

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Gene therapy is a promising treatment for hereditary diseases, as well as acquired genetic diseases, including cancer. Facing the complicated physiological and pathological environment in vivo, developing efficient non-viral gene vectors is needed for their clinical application. Here, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (p(NIPAM)) nanogels are presented with either protonatable tertiary amine groups or permanently charged quaternized ammonium groups to achieve DNA complexation ability. In addition, a quaternary ammonium-functionalized nanogel was further provided with an aliphatic moiety using 1-bromododecane to add a membrane-interacting structure to ultimately facilitate intracellular release of the genetic material. The ability of the tertiary amine-, quaternized ammonium-, and aliphatic quaternized ammonium-functionalized p(NIPAM) nanogels (i.e., NGs, NGs-MI, and NGs-BDD, respectively) to mediate gene transfection was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. It is observed that NGs-BDD/pDNA complexes exhibit efficient gene loading, gene protection ability, and intracellular uptake similar to that of NGs-MI/pDNA complexes. However, only the NGs-BDD/pDNA complexes show a notable gene transfer efficiency, which can be ascribed to their ability to mediate DNA escape from endosomes. We conclude that NGs-BDD displays a cationic lipid-like behavior that facilitates endosomal escape by perturbing the endosomal/lysosomal membrane. These findings demonstrate that the presence of aliphatic chains within the nanogel is instrumental in accomplishing gene delivery, which provides a rationale for the further development of nanogel-based gene delivery systems.

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“…Herein, we propose a 3D-printable hierarchical system, with nanogels covalently embedding inside the GelMA network without affecting the overall printing process, that allows for the introduction of a hierarchical build-up of sophisticated functions, such as storage, imaging, and delivery. A nanogel is a cross-linked polymer network, with the size being tunable between tens of nanometers to several hundred nanometers, and can be swollen by solvent, structuring a dense core but a fuzzy surface [ 23 ]. Notably, they may be designed to be responsive to several stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, redox chemistry, and UV light [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], which makes them a perfect toolbox for small bioactive molecule encapsulation and controlled release and interface alterations [ 23 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nanogel is a cross-linked polymer network, with the size being tunable between tens of nanometers to several hundred nanometers, and can be swollen by solvent, structuring a dense core but a fuzzy surface [ 23 ]. Notably, they may be designed to be responsive to several stimuli, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, redox chemistry, and UV light [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], which makes them a perfect toolbox for small bioactive molecule encapsulation and controlled release and interface alterations [ 23 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based nanogel was used in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printable Hierarchical Nanogel-GelMA Composite Hydrogel System

Meijer

Mergel

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is that it is hierarchical in terms of matrix built-up, matrix density and fiber structure, which allows for hormones, cytokines, and other small biomolecules to be stored within its network. The ECM-like hydrogels that are currently used do not possess this ability, and long-term storage, along with the need for free diffusion of small molecules, are generally incompatible requirements. Nanogels are able to fulfill the additional requirements upon successful integration. Herein, a stable hierarchical nanogel–gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) composite hydrogel system is provided by covalently embedding nanogels inside the micropore network of GelMA hydrogel to allow a controlled local functionality that is not found in a homogenous GelMA hydrogel. Nanogels have emerged as a powerful tool in nanomedicine and are highly versatile, due to their simplicity of chemical control and biological compatibility. In this study, an N-isopropylacrylamide-based nanogel with primary amine groups on the surface was modified with methacryloyl groups to obtain a photo-cross-linking ability similar to GelMA. The nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel was formed by mixing the GelMA and the photo-initiator within the nanogel solution through UV irradiation. The morphology of the composite hydrogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy, which clearly showed the nanogel wrapped within the GelMA network and covering the surface of the pore wall. A release experiment was conducted to prove covalent bonding and the stability of the nanogel inside the GelMA hydrogel. In addition, 3D printability studies showed that the nanogel-GelMA composite ink is printable. Therefore, the suggested stable hierarchical nanogel-GelMA composite hydrogel system has great potential to achieve the in situ delivery and controllable release of bioactive molecules in 3D cell culture systems.

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Nanogels: A novel approach in antimicrobial delivery systems and antimicrobial coatings

Cited by 75 publications

References 277 publications

Self-Gelling Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel Containing Simvastatin as Suitable Wound Dressing: An Investigative Study

Self-Gelling Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Hydrogel Containing Simvastatin as Suitable Wound Dressing: An Investigative Study

Aliphatic Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Nanogels for Gene Delivery

3D-Printable Hierarchical Nanogel-GelMA Composite Hydrogel System

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