Nanofuel additives

Gallego-Villada, Luis A.; Alarcón, Edwin A.; Romanelli, Gustavo Pablo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90524-4.00027-x

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Notice that this model is slightly different from the model presented by eq 2 due to the absence of a W/V term since no catalyst is used. (6) The catalytic effect in the esterification reaction was modeled using different kinetic expressions established from the heterogeneous reaction theory based on the LHHW and ER mechanisms. The main assumptions of both types of models are as follows: diffusion steps were not the ratelimiting; the reactants do not dissociate; reactions are reversible elementary; and the products (n-butyl levulinate and water) are not present at the beginning of the reaction.…”

Section: Microwave and Catalytic Effects As Synergisticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, research efforts are underway to avoid the negative effects of the use of fossil fuels on both human beings and the environment. One of them is the addition of nanofuel additives to diesel blends, which enhance their fuel properties, 6 and the other approach is producing biomass energy (biofuels) and blending with diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 show the fitting of the PH-ER-1 kinetic model (continuous lines) to the experimental conversion data (symbols), evaluating the effect of the temperature, the…”

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confidence: 99%

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Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Gallego-Villada,

Alarcón,

Cerrutti

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A Preyssler-type heteropolyacid supported on silica, synthesized and characterized by FTIR, was tested for levulinic acid (LA) esterification with n-butanol under microwave-assisted batch reaction conditions. The optimal conditions were found to be 40 mg of catalyst, a 5:1 n-butanol/LA molar ratio at 160 °C and 3 h, resulting in 77% conversion with 100% selectivity. The catalytic effect was observed at low temperatures (100 °C), and the microwave effect was observed at high temperatures (160 °C). Yield to levulinate was improved (82%) with CuSO 4 as a dehydrating agent. A kinetic study using a pseudohomogeneous reversible model (PH, E Forward = 31.60 kJ mol −1 and E Reverse = 11.53 kJ mol −1 ) and a Eley−Rideal model (ER, E = 31.06 kJ mol −1 ) provided the best fitting to the experimental data. The Preyssler-based catalyst has potential for sustainable synthesis of n-butyl levulinate, a promising fuel additive and can be used at least five times without a loss of activity.

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Section: Microwave and Catalytic Effects As Synergisticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Gallego-Villada,

Alarcón,

Cerrutti

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…LAEs can be industrially used as polymer plasticizers, fragrances, and green solvents [3–6] . The recent literature has proposed several synthetic routes for LAEs [4–13] . For example, LAEs can be produced directly from the catalytic transformation of carbohydrates or raw biomass but with low efficiency and harsh conditions [7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, LAEs can be produced directly from the catalytic transformation of carbohydrates or raw biomass but with low efficiency and harsh conditions [7] . The direct esterification of levulinic acid with alcohol remains the most investigated strategy to synthesize LAEs over acid catalysts [6–10] . However, the esterification reaction is governed by the thermodynamic equilibrium law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids Supported UIO‐67 as Lewis Acidic Catalyst for Excellent Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates

Ahmad,

Zhao,

Hussain

2023

ChemistrySelect

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Herein, levulinate acid esters (LAEs) were efficiently synthesized from the α‐angelica lactone (α‐AL) esterification with trifloaluminate ionic liquids supported UIO‐67 MOF as Lewis acidic catalyst. A series of UIO‐67 catalysts with varied trifloaluminate ionic liquids loading were prepared via the post‐modification method and exhibited excellent catalytic activity for α‐AL esterification. Remarkable α‐AL conversion (100 %) and LAEs selectivity (>99 %) were achieved by UIO‐67 catalysts (0.2 mol %) with 12.4 %, trifloaluminate ionic liquids loading (UIO‐67‐TFA) at 70 °C and 90 min. The UIO‐67‐TFA catalyst can be reused at least 5 cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. The UIO‐67‐TFA catalysts were fully characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, TGA, IR, N2 physisorption, etc. The results indicated that the well‐distributed active trifloaluminate Lewis acid catalytic sites, high BET surface area, and good thermal stability could contribute to its excellent catalytic activity.

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Kinetic modeling of microwave-assisted esterification for biofuel additive production: conversion of levulinic acid with pentanol using Dowex® 50WX8 catalyst

Gallego-Villada,

Alarcón,

Sathicq

et al. 2024

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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This study explores the esterification of levulinic acid with 1-pentanol, employing Dowex® 50WX8 as a catalyst under microwave irradiation. Key parameters such as the pentanol/acid molar ratio, temperature, and catalyst loading were evaluated and utilized for kinetic modeling. The kinetic behavior of the reaction was investigated using a dual-model approach: a pseudo-homogeneous model to account for the microwave effect and catalytic contributions modeled through LHHW and Eley–Rideal mechanisms. The best model was chosen based on statistical results obtained from Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, which involved an LHHW model with the surface reaction as the limiting step, resulting in an activation energy of 50.6 kJ mol−1 for the catalytic synthesis of pentyl levulinate. The role of the alcohol in the esterification route was explained, and catalytic stability was confirmed, with the catalyst maintaining activity over multiple cycles. The absence of mass transfer limitations was proved using the Weisz–Prater criterion. A plausible reaction pathway was proposed for the levulinic acid esterification over the 50WX8 catalyst. Graphical abstract

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Nanofuel additives

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

Trifloaluminate Ionic Liquids Supported UIO‐67 as Lewis Acidic Catalyst for Excellent Synthesis of Alkyl Levulinates

Kinetic modeling of microwave-assisted esterification for biofuel additive production: conversion of levulinic acid with pentanol using Dowex® 50WX8 catalyst

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