Nanofluid buoyancy-driven heat transfer in three-dimensional horizontal annuli

MHD micropolar hybrid nanofluid flow through an annulus with discrete surface heaters: A study for optimal heat convection

“…Natural convection in complex structures has been the focus of many studies by Roy. [31][32][33] Huang et al 34 investigated the influence of the nanoparticle concentration and Rayleigh number on the natural convection and flow profiles in three-dimensional (3D) large-and moderate-gap annuli. Tayebi et al 35 carried out a numerical investigation of the entropy generation for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) free-convection of Al 2 O 3 -H 2 O nanofluid flow in a circular annulus when the inner heated cylinder is mounted with various lengths of rectangular fins.…”