Nanofiber-reinforced myocardial tissue-construct as ventricular assist device

Abstract

These results provide direct evidence for the re-cellularization of decellularized cardiac tissue grafts reinforced with a polymer nanofiber coating, by human mononuclear cells injection, leading to generation of a tissue-engineered myocardial construct.

Tissue-Engineered Grafts from Human Decellularized Extracellular Matrices: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives

“…Human heart decellularization has been applied to whole organs [137,139,140,141] or cardiac muscle fragments [142] harvested from cadavers and unusable for clinical transplantation, as well as to tissue sections procured during surgical procedures (i.e., implantation of a mechanical assist device, heart transplantation, and resection of a subaortic outflow tract obstruction) [135,138,143,144,145,146,147,148]. Left ventricular biopsies derived from myocardial infarction patients were also processed [138].…”

“…Perfusion decellularization of whole human hearts via antegrade flow through the ascending aorta or coronary arteries was achieved by the use of both detergent (SDS) [137,139,140] and detergent–enzymatic (SDS, Triton X-100/DNase) solutions [141]. Myocardial sections were decellularized by employing the same ionic (SDS, deoxycholic acid, sodium deoxycholate) [135,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148] and non-ionic detergents (Triton X-100) [138,148], with [135,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148] or without [137,138,139,140,148] the addiction of enzyme treatment. Interestingly, other than direct endonuclease incubation, the intrinsic DNase activity of foetal bovine serum was experienced to eliminate residual DNA [135,138,143,144,148].…”

“…Innovative composite myocardial-based constructs were prepared by Guhathakurta et al [142], through the coating of acellular cardiac ECM with electrospun poly-( l )lactic acid/polycapronolactone/collagen nanofibers and subsequent injection of cord blood mononuclear cells. The engeneered myocardial patches exhibited contractile activity and specific troponin I and cardiac myosin expression during in vitro culture.…”

“…Superior cell migration and angiogenesis into the infarct bed was observed in the case of acute damage, suggesting that this healing phase represents a more favourable substrate for cell-based repair than a chronic damage that has progressed to a fibrous scar [145]. A larger model of myocardial infarction was tested by implanting nanofiber-coated myocardial scaffolds injected with cord blood mononucleated cells into the ischemic myocardium of sheeps, revealing the integration of the engineered patches into the host cardiac tissue [142].…”

“…As it was demonstrated by many clinical cases and animal studies [293], the efficacy of amniotic membrane in promoting soft tissues healing and regeneration is due to its anti-inflammatory and immunological properties as well as to cytoprotective ability [120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,…”