Nanofertilizers: Transforming Agriculture for Sustainable Food Production

Abstract

The world's population is expected to increase to 10 billion humans through the 12 months 2050, which poses an extreme venture to agriculture's potential to deliver the developing demand for meals in a sustainable way at the same time as minimizing unfavourable environmental outcomes. The rising need for food worldwide has led to the widespread usage of fertilisers. The widely used chemical fertilisers can improve crop production and expansion, but they are harmful to the environment, the soil, as well as the health of people. As a result, one of the most intriguing alternatives to conventional fertilisers is nanofertilizer. These synthetic materials consist of nanoparticles that are regulated in their delivery of macro-and micronutrients to the plant rhizosphere. The necessary nutrients as well as minerals are bound together either alone or in conjunction with nano-sized adsorbents in nano material-based fertilizers. Conventional fertilisation techniques have resulted in inefficiencies and environmental problems because they often rely on chemical fertilisers for phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Consequently, nanotechnology-based fertilizers—also referred to as nano fertilisers, or NFs—have become a promising therapeutic option. Compared to conventional fertilisers, these NFs enhance crop yields, improve nitrogen uptake efficiency, and have a smaller negative impact on the environment. This paper explores at the evidence, applications, and benefits of NFs, focusing on how they could change farming practices and enhance the production of sustainably produced food.