Nanoengineering of 2D MXene‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications

Abstract

2D MXene‐based nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention because of their unique physical/chemical properties and wide range of applications in energy storage, catalysis, electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics. However, MXenes and their derivatives have many inherent limitations in terms of energy storage applications. In order to further improve their performance for practical application, the nanoengineering of these 2D materials is extensively investigated. In this Review, the latest research and progress on 2D MXene‐based nanostructures is introduced and discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications for energy storage such as lithium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, and supercapacitors. Finally, the critical challenges and perspectives required to be addressed for the future development of these 2D MXene‐based materials for energy storage applications are presented.

2 D MXene‐based Energy Storage Materials: Interfacial Structure Design and Functionalization

“…Additionally,MXenes are able to act as apromising substrate to effectively accommodate volumec hanges and greatly improve the ionic and electronic transport, because of their high conductivity,f lexibility,a nd structure stability. [23,80,97] Gogotsi and co-workers [98] demonstrated at ransition metal oxide (TMO) nanostructure composed of TiO 2 nanorods and SnO 2 nanowires on MXene nanosheets through as imple self-assembly method, in which MXene nanosheets not only enable reversible electron and ion transport at the interface but also preventt he TMO nanostructure from the aggregation during repeated lithiation/delithiation processes. In addition, the TMO nanostructure serves as as pacer to prevent MXene nanosheets from restackinga nd contributee xtraordinary electrochemical properties.…”

High‐performance flexible sensing devices based on polyaniline/MXene nanocomposites

“…Same as other 2D materials, such as metal oxides, hexagonal boron nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, hydroxides, and graphene, MXenes exhibit high metallic conductivity, large specific surface area, and favorableflexibility . Meanwhile, due to the existence of the surface functional groups, MXenes possess rich surface chemistry and other excellent characteristics, such as fascinating optical, mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties . The above excellent performances make MXenes became one of the most famous candidates for various applications such as photo/electrocatalysts, energy storage, water purification, electromagnetic interference shielding, and sensors .…”

“…MXenes, as a large family of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, were first reported in 2011 by selectively etching out the A group (generally group IIIA and IVA elements) from the layered ternary precursors MAX phase. 1,2 The chemical formula of MXenes is M n + 1 X n T x , where M represents an early transition metal, X represents carbon/nitrogen (C/N), with n = 1, 2, or 3, T x represents various O, OH, and F surface functional groups. 3 Same as other 2D materials, such as metal oxides, hexagonal boron nitrides, transition metal dichalcogenides, hydroxides, and graphene, MXenes exhibit high metallic conductivity, large specific surface area, and favorableflexibility.…”

Miniaturized Energy Storage Devices Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials

“…;X= C, N; n = 1-3;Tis the functional termination group)b elong to an ovel family of 2D metal carbides. [116][117][118] With richs urface chemistry and exceptional ion intercalationb ehavior,MXeneshave gained much attention as promising electrode materials for energy storage, such as in LIBs, [119,120] Na-ion batteries, [118] Na-ion hybrid capacitors, [121] and MSCs. [121][122][123][124][125][126] Havinge xhibited as table specific volumetric capacitance close to 1500 Fcm À3 and an outstanding metallicc onductivity ( % 6700 Scm À1 ), Ti 3 C 2 T x has become one of the most promising MXenec ompounds for energy storage.…”

“…Mono-and few-layered TMDs have exhibited unique electronic and optoelectrical properties, which have been extensively investigated in electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications. [119,121,133] As at ypical TMD compound,M oS 2 has strong SÀMoÀSb onding within al ayer,b ut has al arger interlayer spacing as ar esult of van der Waals interactions. Such a structure mayp rovide interlayer voids to allow the diffusion of electrolyte ions.…”