Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery

Bonferoni, Maria Cristina; Sandri, Giuseppina; Ferrari, Franca; Gavini, Elisabetta; Rassu, Giovanna; Giunchedi, Paolo

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics11020084

Cited by 180 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 198 20 of 29 In the case of eye and brain, which according to the old immune-privileged concept are organs isolated and protected from the systemic immune response of the organism [119], the use of less immunogenic non-viral vectors [165] is even more relevant to avoid damage in such sensitive organs [43]. In addition, in order to develop a more friendly approach, at a preclinical level, many nanotechnology-based formulations of different materials, shapes, and compositions can be tailored with specific ligands to overcome both BRB and BBB and deliver their cargo by non-invasive routes of administration such as topical instillation on ocular [166][167][168][169] and nose surfaces [170][171][172] (Figure 8). Considering the versatility of the cationic niosome platform for gene delivery applications, some of the biomaterials commonly used to overcome the BRB and BBB, such as transferrin, Annexin V, insulin, or gemini surfactants, could be incorporated in novel niosome vesicles, bearing in mind the recent results reported after the in situ administration of such non-viral vectors in both retina and brain cortex tissues.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues

et al. 2020

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Non-viral vectors have emerged as a promising alternative to viral gene delivery systems due to their safer profile. Among non-viral vectors, recently, niosomes have shown favorable properties for gene delivery, including low toxicity, high stability, and easy production. The three main components of niosome formulations include a cationic lipid that is responsible for the electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged genetic material, a non-ionic surfactant that enhances the long-term stability of the niosome, and a helper component that can be added to improve its physicochemical properties and biological performance. This review is aimed at providing recent information about niosome-based non-viral vectors for gene delivery purposes. Specially, we will discuss the composition, preparation methods, physicochemical properties, and biological evaluation of niosomes and corresponding nioplexes that result from the addition of the genetic material onto their cationic surface. Next, we will focus on the in situ application of such niosomes to deliver the genetic material into immune-privileged tissues such as the brain cortex and the retina. Finally, as future perspectives, non-invasive administration routes and different targeting strategies will be discussed.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues

et al. 2020

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“…To improve the bioavailability of the drug, it is enclosed in polymeric nanoparticles [30]. Due to the small particle size, their increased surface area and high activity, the bioavailability of the preparation increases during oral administration [35].…”

Section: Drug Carriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Exposure of Organisms to the Action of Nanomaterials

et al. 2020

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The rapid development of the production of materials containing metal nanoparticles and metal oxides is a potential risk to the environment. The degree of exposure of organisms to nanoparticles increases from year to year, and its effects are not fully known. This is due to the fact that the range of nanoparticle interactions on cells, tissues and the environment requires careful analysis. It is necessary to develop methods for testing the properties of nanomaterials and the mechanisms of their impact on individual cells as well as on entire organisms. The particular need to raise public awareness of the main sources of exposure to nanoparticles should also be highlighted. This paper presents the main sources and possible routes of exposure to metal nanoparticles and metal oxides. Key elements of research on the impact of nanoparticles on organisms, that is, in vitro tests, in vivo tests and methods of detection of nanoparticles in organisms, are presented.

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“…105 From the available research work, it can be concluded that mucoadhesive nanoemulsion mostly intended for parenteral and intranasal administration to the brain was extensively studied and found as promising carrier system which reduces the associated adverse effect, improves the therapeutic potency and offers a non-invasive patient-friendly technique to access the brain. 106…”

Section: Nanoemulsionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Recent expansions of novel strategies towards the drug targeting into the brain</p>

Alexander¹,

Agrawal²,

Uddin³

et al. 2019

IJN

117

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The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders always remains a challenge for the researchers. The presence of various physiological barriers, primarily the blood–brain barrier (BBB) limits the accessibility of the brain and hinders the efficacy of various drug therapies. Hence, drug targeting to the brain, particularly to the diseased cells by circumventing the physiological barriers is essential to develop a promising therapy for the treatment of brain disorders. Presently, the investigations emphasize the role of different nanocarrier systems or surface modified target specific novel carrier system to improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of the brain therapeutics. Such approaches supposed to circumvent the BBB or have the ability to cross the barrier function and thus increases the drug concentration in the brain. Although the efficacy of novel carrier system depends upon various physiological factors like active efflux transport, protein corona of the brain, stability, and toxicity of the nanocarrier, physicochemical properties, patient-related factors and many more. Hence, to develop a promising carrier system, it is essential to understand the physiology of the brain and BBB and also the other associated factors. Along with this, some alternative route like direct nose-to-brain drug delivery can also offer a better means to access the brain without exposure of the BBB. In this review, we have discussed the role of various physiological barriers including the BBB and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) on the drug therapy and the mechanism of drug transport across the BBB. Further, we discussed different novel strategies for brain targeting of drug including, polymeric nanoparticles, lipidic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, liposomes, nanogels, nanoemulsions, dendrimers, quantum dots, etc. along with the intranasal drug delivery to the brain. We have also illustrated various factors affecting the drug targeting efficiency of the developed novel carrier system.

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Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery

Cited by 180 publications

References 83 publications

Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues

Niosome-Based Approach for In Situ Gene Delivery to Retina and Brain Cortex as Immune-Privileged Tissues

Analysis of the Exposure of Organisms to the Action of Nanomaterials

<p>Recent expansions of novel strategies towards the drug targeting into the brain</p>

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