Nanodermatology‐based solutions for psoriasis: State‐of‐the art and future prospects

Abstract

Nanodermatology is an emerging, multidisciplinary science, arising from the convergence of nanotechnology, pharmacology, physics/biophysics, chemistry/biochemistry, chemical engineering, material science, and clinical medicine. Nanodermatology deals with (a) skin biology, anatomy, and physiology at the nanoscale (“skin nanobiology”), (b) diagnosis performed by means of novel diagnostic devices, assisted by nanobiotechnologies (“nanodiagnosis”), and (c) treatment through innovative therapeutic agents, including phototherapy (“photonanotherapy”/“photonanodermatology”) and systemic/topical drug administration (“nanotherapy”) at the nanoscale, and drug delivery—such as transdermal or dermal drug delivery (TDDD/DDD)—enhanced and improved by nanostructures and nanodrugs (“nanodrug delivery”). Nanodermatology, as a super‐specialized branch of dermatology, is a quite recent specialty: the “Nanodermatology Society” founded by the eminent dermatologist Dr. Adnan Nasir, was established in 2010, with the aim of bringing together different stakeholders, including dermatologists, nanotechnology scientists, policy‐makers and regulators, as well as students and medical residents. Psoriasis has a prevalence of 2–3% worldwide and imposes a severe clinical and societal burden. Nanodermatology‐based solutions appear promising for the proper treatment and management of psoriasis, assisting and enhancing different steps of the process of health‐care delivery: from the diagnosis to the therapeutics, paving the way for a personalized approach, based on the specific dysregulated biomarkers.

Psoriasis: From Pathogenesis to Pharmacological and Nano-Technological-Based Therapeutics

“…Micelles are nanocarriers that are constituted by amphiphiles, having a concentration above critical micelle concentration, providing a core corona structure. Due to its composition, micelles are good protectors for aquaphobic drugs, which are b protected inside the micelle and surrounded by a hydrophobic barrier [ 135 ]. Meanwhile, in the external face, there is a hydrophilic barrier, allowing the micelle to be solubilized in aqueous media.…”

How can nanoparticle‐based technologies revolutionize the topical therapy in psoriasis?

“…Advancing the better understanding of binding, internalization and processing of the nanoparticles in these cells is mandatory to employ nanodevices for successful drug delivery with high cellular precision, thus protecting the surrounding microenvironment from side effects. [60,61] The current lack of knowledge on interactions of NPs with cells and cellular compartments along with their environmental toxicity decisively limits the implementation of NPs in clinical routine.…”

“…Further nanomolecular formulations such as nanopolymers or lipid-NPs hold great promise for biodegradable non-toxic and ecofriendly alternatives. [61] However, data on long-term toxicity profiles and their impact on biological systems still have to be generated to successfully translate these nanotherapeutics into a meaningful clinical context. [62] model with keratinocyte-specific deletion of IL-17RA.…”

“…Advancing the better understanding of binding, internalization and processing of the nanoparticles in these cells is mandatory to employ nanodevices for successful drug delivery with high cellular precision, thus protecting the surrounding microenvironment from side effects. [ 60,61 ]…”

<p>Cyclodextrin-Modified CeO₂ Nanoparticles as a Multifunctional Nanozyme for Combinational Therapy of Psoriasis</p>

“…35 Nowadays, nanodermatology is an emerging field that uses nanotechnology to facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of skin disease. 36,37 However, most of them are inorganic nanomaterials lack of multi-functional and have not been explored for psoriasis treatment.…”