Nanocurcumin Preparation for Reducing Vcam-1 and IL-6 in High Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a pathological condition due to lipid metabolism abnormalities. Increased and oxidized LDL in hyperlipidemia will trigger an inflammatory response and produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Curcumin can be used as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antihyperlipidemia, but as it is practically insoluble in water, formulation of curcumin nanosuspension is made to improve the effects of curcumin therapy. This study was conducted to determine the activities of nanocurcumin preparation as preventive measures for rats induced with hyperlipidemia. The test animals used were 49 male Wistar rats divided into 7 test groups: normal control group, negative control group, 80mg/kg BW/day curcumin control group, and nanosuspension curcumin dose of 80mg/kg BW/day, nanoemulsion curcumin dose of 80mg/kg BW/day, SNEDDS curcumin dose of 80mg/kg BW/day and solid lipid nanoparticles dose of 80mg/kg BW/day. Provision of preventive measure was performed on days 1-67. On day 11-67, the induction of lard and egg yolk (1:1) was administered with a volume of 2mL/200g of rat BW. On the 68 th day, blood samples were taken for the determination of VCAM-1 and IL-6 parameters using Biotin-Streptavidin-Amplified Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay method. Data analysis of VCAM-1 and IL-6 levels between test groups were conducted by means of normality test and One-way ANOVA (p<0.05). Based on the data of VCAM-1 and IL-6 levels, nanocurcumin dose of 80mg/kg BW preparation was able to significantly improve the preventive activity of curcumin compared to curcumin suspension dose of 80mg/kg BW by reducing VCAM-1 levels in SNEDDS (53.260%), nanoemulsion (52.737%), nanosuspension (52.325%) and solid lipid nanoparticles (51.444%) and decreasing IL-6 levels in SNEDDS (33.030%), nanoemulsion (31.568%), nanosuspension (29.898%), and solid lipid nanoparticles (28.875%).

Serum VCAM-1 reduction by phytosomal curcumin formulation in rats on a high-fat diet

“…In the current study, the addition of dietary phytosomal curcumin significantly decreased the concentration of sVCAM-1 in HFD-C rats to levels not significantly different from those for ND rats, indicating that this phytosomal curcumin formulation is effective in reducing sVCAM-1 to normal levels in HFD-induced rats. An outstanding finding in the current study is that the degree of reduction in sVCAM-1 levels (53% reduction) in HFD-C rats is very comparable to that reported by Pradana et al (2019), while using nanocurcumin formulation (52.5 % reduction). These results can be very significant if translated to, and established in clinical settings.…”

“…For instance, results from a human study have also shown that sVCAM-1 levels in obese people could be reduced by 1 g/day supplementation of curcumin complexed with piperine, for a period of 30 days (Saberi-Karimian et al, 2020). As for animal studies, Pradana et al (2019) experimented on Wistar rats on an HFD and described a reduction of sVCAM-1 concentrations by curcumin with nanoparticle formulations. In the current study, the addition of dietary phytosomal curcumin significantly decreased the concentration of sVCAM-1 in HFD-C rats to levels not significantly different from those for ND rats, indicating that this phytosomal curcumin formulation is effective in reducing sVCAM-1 to normal levels in HFD-induced rats.…”

“…One of the mechanisms of action for phytosomal curcumin to reduce sVCAM-1 levels may be similar to other formulations and includes suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway (Hasanzadeh et al, 2020) and downregulating inflammatory cytokines that lead to inflammatory activation of endothelial cells and endothelial dysfunction (Troncoso et al, 2021). For instance, other formulations of curcumin have been shown to reduce IL-6 levels in HFD-induced rats (Pradana et al, 2019) and in several preclinical studies and in clinical trials, to effectively block TNF-α (Sahebkar, Cicero, Simental-Mend ıa, Aggarwal, & Gupta, 2016;Subedi et al, 2020;Zeng et al, 2023), which in turn induces expression of VCAM-1 (Troncoso et al, 2021).…”

“…Curcumin has been reported to have many health and therapeutic properties, and previous evidence has shown that it has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties (Uchio et al, 2021;Peng et al, 2021;Fuloria et al, 2022). Different animal studies have established curcumin's antiatherosclerotic effect, its effect in alleviating hyperlipidemia (Panahi, Ahmadi, Teymouri, Johnston, & Sahebkar, 2018;Ashraf et al, 2022), and on the expression of CAMs levels (Um et al, 2014;Pradana et al, 2019). These studies relied on different delivery curcumin formulations including solid dispersions, complexation with cyclodextrins, co-administration with piperine, as nano-particles/emulsions, and as microencapsulation/emulsions.…”

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