Nanocrystalline ZnO: A Competent and Reusable Catalyst for the Preparation of Pharmacology Relevant Heterocycles in the Aqueous Medium

Abstract

: Nanoparticle catalyzed synthesis is a green and convenient method to achieve most of the chemical transformations in water or other green solvents. Nanoparticle ensures an easy isolation process of catalyst as well as products from the reaction mixture avoiding the hectic work up procedure. Zinc oxide is a biocompatible, environmentally benign and economically viable nanocatalyst with effectivity comparable to the other metal nanocatalyst employed in several reaction strategies. This review mainly focuses on the recent applications of zinc oxide in the synthesis of biologically important heterocyclic molecules under sustainable reaction conditions. : Application of zinc oxide in organic synthesis: Considering the achievable advantages of this nanocatalyst, presently several research groups are paying attention in anchoring zincoxide or its modified structure in several types of organic conversions e.g. multicomponent reactions, ligand-free coupling reactions, cycloaddition reaction, etc. The advantages and limitations of this nanocatalyst are also demonstrated. The present study aims to highlight the recent multifaceted applications of ZnO towards the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic motifs. Being a promising biocompatible nanoparticle, this catalyst has an important contribution in the fields of synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

Frustrated Lewis pairs in two-dimensional borocarbonitride for the facile synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-α]pyridines using TMSCN as an isonitrile substitute

“…In this case, the commonly employed method is the multicomponent reaction of aldehyde, 2-amino pyridines and isonitriles/ trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN). Several researchers have reported different protocols for the synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, which include microwave irradiation, 15 silica-sulfuric acid, 16 KF-mediated nucleophilic activation of TMSCN, 17 solid-phase synthesis, 18 and the use of ZnO nanocrystals 19 and montmorillonite K 10 clay as a catalyst. 20 However, the reported methods have one or more disadvantages such as prolonged heating, tedious working procedure, low yield, difficult purification and formation of byproducts such as imines and acetonitrile derivatives.…”

Biological Fabrication and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Gymnema Sylvestre Potentially Produces Toxicity in Breast Cancer Cells -MCF-7

“…Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs) is a key ingredient of several enzymes, ointments and sun screens that aids in treatment of pain and in ammation [10]. Synthesis of ZnO NPs belongs to metal nanomaterials and its exhibits promising pharmacological activities such as anti-bacterial, antitumoral, anti-viral due to its morphology, exposure time, particle size, concentration, and biocompatibility [11]. ZnO NPs, with their exclusive properties such as biocompatibility with selective target speci city, enhanced cytotoxicity on the cancer cells and easy way to biosynthesis and auspicious anticancer agent [12].…”