Nanocrystalline Tetracalcium Phosphate Cement

Gbureck, Uwe; Barralet, J.E.; Hofmann, Michael; Thulĺ, R.

doi:10.1177/154405910408300514

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Due to the fact, that only one calcium orthophosphate is used; the solid part of such formulations might be called as a single-phase (or single-component) cement powder [168]. Cements made of ACP + an aqueous solution [169,170], α-TCP + an aqueous solution [171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178], β-TCP + an aqueous solution [175,179], DCPA + an aqueous solution [24], CDHA + an aqueous solution [25], TTCP + an aqueous solution [26,180,181] or γ-radiated TTCP + an aqueous solution [182][183][184] The experimental details on TTCP hydrolysis under a near-constant composition condition might be found elsewhere [185]. The details on α-TCP hydrolysis are also available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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In early 1980s, researchers discovered self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements, which are a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of a powder and a liquid. Both phases after mixing form a viscous paste that after being implanted sets and hardens within the body as either a non-stoichiometric calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) or brushite, sometimes blended with un-reacted particles and other phases. As both CDHA and brushite are remarkably biocompartible and bioresorbable (therefore, in vivo they can be replaced with a newly forming bone), self-setting calcium orthophosphate cements represent a good correction technique of non-weight-bearing bone fractures or defects and appear to be very promising materials for bone grafting applications. Besides, these cements possess an excellent osteoconductivity, molding capabilities, and easy manipulation. Nearly perfect adaptation to the tissue surfaces in bone defects and a gradual bioresorption followed by new bone formation are additional distinctive advantages of calcium orthophosphate cements. Besides, reinforced formulations are available; those are described as calcium orthophosphate concretes. Furthermore, formulations with high viscosity, such as pastes and putties are also known. The discovery of self-setting formulations has opened up a new era in the medical application of calcium orthophosphates; several commercial compositions have already been introduced as a result. Many more formulations are in experimental stages. In this review, an insight into the self-setting calcium orthophosphate formulations, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting applications, has been provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Dorozhkin¹

2012

IJMC

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“…X-ray exposure has been linked to increased risk of cancer (Liu-Synder and Webster 2007), thus, increased radiopacity of bone cements will allow for a reduced patients' exposure to X-rays and consequently lead to a lower incidence of cancer. Lastly, the most challenging issue associated with commercially available PMMA cements is their poor osseointegration (Glimcher 1987;Gauthier et al 1999;Barralet et al 2004;Gbureck et al 2004;Lilley et al 2005). PMMA additives (such as antibiotics and radiopacifi ers) have been shown in the past to adversely affect osseointegration (LiuSynder and Webster 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are limitations on the amount of BaSO 4 that can be added to PMMA since BaSO 4 has been shown to adversely affect the mechanical and biocompatibility properties of PMMA at high concentrations (Bhambri et al 1995;Ginebra et al 2002). Lastly, although PMMA does support new bone growth, studies have highlighted decreased osteoblast (bone forming cell) functions on PMMA compared with other common orthopedic coating materials, such as calcium phosphates and hydroxyapatite (Glimcher 1987;Gauthier et al 1999;Barralet et al 2004;Gbureck et al 2004;Lilley et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Ricker

Liu-Snyder²,

Webster

2008

IJN

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Abstract:A common technique to aid in implant fi xation into surrounding bone is to inject bone cement into the space between the implant and surrounding bone. The most common bone cement material used clinically today is poly(methyl methacrylate), or PMMA. Although promising, there are numerous disadvantages of using PMMA in bone fi xation applications which has limited its wide spread use. Specifi cally, the PMMA polymerization reaction is highly exothermic in situ, thus, damaging surrounding bone tissue while curing. In addition, PMMA by itself is not visible using typical medical imaging techniques (such as X-rays required to assess new bone formation surrounding the implant). Lastly, although PMMA does support new bone growth, studies have highlighted decreased osteoblast (bone forming cell) functions on PMMA compared to other common orthopedic coating materials, such as calcium phosphates and hydroxyapatite. For these reasons, the goal of this study was to begin to investigate novel additives to PMMA which can enhance its cytocompatibility properties with osteoblasts, decrease its exothermic reaction when curing, and increase its radiopacity. Results of this study demonstrated that compared to conventional (or micron) equivalents, PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 reduced harmful exothermic reactions of PMMA during solidifi cation and increased radiopacity, respectively. Moreover, osteoblast adhesion increased on PMMA with nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 compared with PMMA alone. This study, thus, suggests that nanoparticles of MgO and BaSO 4 should be further studied for improving properties of PMMA for orthopedic applications.

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“…TTCP on hydrolysis slowly transforms to HA as the final product with the release of Ca(OH) 2 (Eq. 1) [12] and also reacts with acidic calcium phosphates such as dicalcium phosphate anhydrous or dicalcium phosphate dihydrate to form HA as the only product (Eq. 2) [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self Setting Bone Cement Formulations Based on Egg shell Derived TetraCalcium Phosphate BioCeramics

phosphate¹,

shells²,

cements³

et al. 2015

Bioceram Dev Appl

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Egg shells have been used as a calcium source for synthesis of tetra calcium phosphate (ETTCP) by solid state reaction method. The cell parameters and cell volume of ETTCP measured by X-ray powder diffraction method were lower than the tetra calcium phosphate prepared using synthetic Ca(CO) 3 (pure TTCP) for comparison. The vibration bands of ETTCP were also slightly different from the vibration bands of pure TTCP characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. ETTCP has been tried as a main component in a self setting bone cement to evaluate the advantages of the presence of the biologically relevant ions such as Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , SiO 2-4 , F -, K + and Na + ions in the cement properties. The setting time of the ETTCP derived cement was ~ 11 min compared to ~ 16 min of the pure TTCP derived cement. The amount of hydroxyapatite formed as the end product was about 12% higher for ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement after 28 days of immersion in phosphate buffer solution as confirmed by phase analysis. Elemental analysis also indicates the presence of trace elements in minor concentration in ETTCP derived cement. Although both the cements showed similar compressive strength after 28 days, the initial strength of the ETTCP derived cement was remarkably higher during initial stages of the hardening reaction (24 h-7 days) compared to TTCP derived cement. Cell viability of L6 cells was higher and cell spreading was more for the ETTCP derived cement than pure TTCP derived cement. The present study has demonstrated the advantages of eggshell derived TTCP in bone cement formulations due to the presence of biologically relevant ions. This may help the clinician with brief surgical procedure by using faster setting cement as well as the patient to have quick recovery with a higher initial strength of cement.

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Nanocrystalline Tetracalcium Phosphate Cement

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

Self-Setting Calcium Orthophosphate Formulations: Cements, Concretes, Pastes and Putties

The influence of nano MgO and BaSO4 particle size additives on properties of PMMA bone cement

Self Setting Bone Cement Formulations Based on Egg shell Derived TetraCalcium Phosphate BioCeramics

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