Nanocrystalline Metals Prepared by Electrodeposition

Natter, Harald; Hempelmann, Rolf

doi:10.1524/9783486598674.95

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that the use of ECD technique can be exploited for the fabrication of nC metals, alloys, and composites by the engineering of the grain size at the atomistic level by carefully controlling and adjusting the ECD operating conditions, such as the applied current density, grain refiners, pulse plating method, etc. [ 23 , 24 , 25 ], where the primary requirement for the fabrication of nC-materials is the massive nucleation rate (resulting in nuclei with confined grain size), rather than the nucleation growth. However, the grain size engineering becomes complex for ECD of alloys and composite materials, due to presence of more than one active species in the electrolyte [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Bath Hydrodynamics on the Micromechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel-Cobalt Alloys

2021

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The influence of bath hydrodynamics on the resultant micromechanical properties of electrodeposited nickel-cobalt alloy system is investigated. The bath hydrodynamics realized by magnetic stirring is simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics and a region of minimum variation in velocity within the electrolytic cell is determined and validated experimentally. Nickel-cobalt alloy and nickel coating samples are deposited galvanostatically (50 mA/cm2) with varying bath velocity (0 to 42 cm/s). The surface morphology of samples gradually changed from granular (fractal dimension 2.97) to more planar (fractal dimension 2.15) growth type, and the according average roughness decreased from 207.5 nm to 11 nm on increasing the electrolyte velocity from 0 to 42 cm/s for nickel-cobalt alloys; a similar trend was also found in the case of nickel coatings. The calculated grain size from the X-ray diffractograms decreased from 31 nm to 12 nm and from 69 nm to 26 nm as function of increasing velocity (up to 42 cm/s) for nickel-cobalt and nickel coatings, respectively. Consecutively, the measured Vickers microhardness values increased by 43% (i.e., from 393 HV0.01 to 692 HV0.01) and by 33% (i.e., from 255 HV0.01 to 381 HV0.01) for nickel-cobalt and nickel coatings, respectively, which fits well with the Hall–Petch relation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Bath Hydrodynamics on the Micromechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel-Cobalt Alloys

2021

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“…For this reason, the microstructure of the electroformed material has to be nanocrystalline because a coarse-grained structure decreases the mechanical stability and also the replication accuracy. The formation of nanostructures in an electroforming process can be achieved by properly selecting the plating conditions that influence the electrocrystallization [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

Weißhaar

Weinmann

Jung

et al. 2015

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a powerful method to machine metals independently of their mechanical properties. Micro-sized structures can be formed with high precision. For this purpose, it is necessary to manufacture tools with adequately fine structures. Conventional ECM tools were manufactured by micro-drilling, -milling, -turning, etc. Depending on the complexity of the structures, these techniques are very elaborate and expensive. Recently, a new procedure, which combines photolithography and electroforming, the so-called PhoGaTool process (photolithographic electroforming of ECM tools), was published. In the present work, we demonstrate how this method can also be used for copying ECM tools that were conventionally manufactured. A copy of an industrial PECM tool (precise electrochemical machining) was manufactured and used for the structural characterization and determination of the replication accuracy. The electroforming parameters like deposition conditions, bath composition as well as physical and chemical parameters were optimized for model systems. The inclusion of bath additives in the metal matrix during the deposition leads to micro-stresses, hence in this contribution, an alternative additive-free electrolyte was used. The accuracy of the process was investigated by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Average deviations of the structure depth and the lateral structure dimensions are in the range of 5 %.

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Nanocrystalline Metals Prepared by Electrodeposition

Cited by 2 publications

References 109 publications

Influence of Bath Hydrodynamics on the Micromechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel-Cobalt Alloys

Influence of Bath Hydrodynamics on the Micromechanical Properties of Electrodeposited Nickel-Cobalt Alloys

Replication of microstructured tools for electrochemical machining applications

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