Nanocrystalline Cellulose Studied with a Conventional SEM

Muhamin, Mu'minul; Purwanto, Purwanto; Astuti, Wijayanti Dwi; Triyana, Kuwat

doi:10.2991/icp-14.2014.3

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Acid hydrolysis method was used to remove the amorphous regions from cellulose fibrils, leading to the formation of CNC bundles, each consisting of individual fibrils. The CNC exhibited a consistent needle-like morphology, measuring 250 nanometers in length and 12 nanometres in diameter, which closely resembled previous findings [59] as shown in the figure 16. As depicted the needle-like cellulose nanocrystal was also evident.…”

Section: Sem Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Iridescent Patterns Production from Solid Film Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Coffee Husks

Nyaruai,

Ollengo,

Muthakia

2024

Univers. J. Carbon Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dire need for environmental conservation has spurred the exploration of novel approaches for developing biodegradable and sustainable materials sourced from natural origins, particularly for engineering applications and these include cellulose. Utilizing coffee husks, a waste product from coffee production, offers a sustainable source of cellulose, effectively diverting waste from the environment and turning it into a valuable and profitable resource. The cellulose content within coffee husks were extracted through alkaline treatment, after which, acid hydrolysis was done, yielding cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) that were utilised to create iridescent films. The process involved treating the coffee husks with sodium hydroxide to obtain cellulose, followed by bleaching with sodium hypochlorite. Acid hydrolysis using gaseous HCl was then employed yielding cellulose nanocrystals. The application of HCl improved the iridescent film quality for secure sheets by preventing the whiskers that are usually seen when sulfuric acid is used. This raises the overall quality and security of the finished product. To avoid contamination, the CNC suspension was carefully transferred into Petri dishes made of polystyrene, and the suspension evaporated at controlled temperature in an oven, resulting in a solid CNC film. To introduce patterns on the film, the Petri dish containing the CNC suspension was placed on a mold engraved with a specific pattern. Heating of the mold imparted different colors onto the film. The outcome of heating the CNC Suspension involved the self-assembly of CNCs into a multitude of colorful and iridescent films possessing unique optical properties. Additionally, these films exhibited water resistance, luminous color variations based on viewing angles, fluorescence, and reflection of left-handed circularly. The value addition of coffee husk waste, which makes it a cleaner environmental product while producing security sheets, is the significance of this work particularly the inclusion of cyclic redundancy, which guarantees improved security features.

show abstract

Section: Sem Analysissupporting

confidence: 89%

Iridescent Patterns Production from Solid Film Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Coffee Husks

Nyaruai,

Ollengo,

Muthakia

2024

Univers. J. Carbon Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results of the morphological analysis of CNC (Figure 2b) show that the morphology of the CNC particles is not uniform, which indicates that there are other particles as a matrix other than the CNC. The morphological form of the CNC is similar to the morphological form of the CNC from natural fibers of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) [18], CNC from pine wood [19].…”

Section: Morphology Analysismentioning

confidence: 55%

Characterization of mono-diacylglycerols, cellulose nanocrystals, polypropylene, and supporting materials as raw materials for synthesis of antistatic bionanocomposites

Sarfat

Setyaningsih

Fahma

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The antistatic bionanocomposites could be synthesised using mono-diacylglycerols (M-DAG) as a antistatic agent, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a reinforcement, and polypropylene (PP) as an termoplastic matrix. The purpose of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of the raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bionanocomposites. Characteristics of the raw materials consists of morphology analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), degree of crystallinity and particle size analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectrum analysis using fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), thermal properties analysis using differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and chemical characteristics analysis using Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The results of this research shows that the morphology analysis shows the particle distribution of M-DAG is uniform and not separated from each other, while the particle distribution of CNC is not uniform and separated from each other. The XRD diffractogram of M-DAG shows that the peaks at 19,508°, 20,401°, 22,607°, and 23,973° representing the diffraction structure of glycerol monostearate, particle sizes ranging between 0.1050 to 1.7814 nm with an average was 1.0460 nm, 92.85 % degree of crystallinity, and 7.15 % amorphous components. The XRD diffractogram of CNC shows that the peaks at 5.8530° and 22.58° representing the diffraction structure of cellulose I, particle sizes ranging between 4.7364 to 79.0949 nm with an average was 41.9157 nm, 98.95 % degree of crystallinity, and 1.05 % amorphous components. The FT-IR spectrum of M-DAG shows that the most significant changes in spectrum were in the region between 3500 cm-1 to 2800 cm-1 and 1850 cm-1 to 1650 cm-1. The FT-IR spectrum of CNC shows that the most significant changes in spectrum were in the region between 3700 cm-1 to 2500 cm-1, 1700 cm-1 to 1550 cm-1, and 900 cm-1 to 800 cm-1. The thermal properties of M-DAG, CNC, and PP shows that the melting temperature (Tm) were 48.41 – 72.78, 241.65 – 323.74, 163 °C respectively. The chemical characteristics of M-DAG obtained 33.86 % MAG, 27.99 % DAG, 2.01 % TAG, 2.85 % FFA, 3.37 % water, and 0.15 ash. The supporting materials consists of maleic anhydrate polypropylene (MAPP), antioxidant (AO), dan mineral oil (MO) were also identified.

show abstract

“…The cellulose nanospheres discovered have an average diameter of 50 nm while the cellulose nanorods have a width of 10-15 nm and length of 100 nm and were observed to be a little hazy because they were still dispersed throughout the residual amorphous phase. The two forms of morphology were developed from a single application of alkalization and bleaching as presented in Figure 2 [34].…”

Section: Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most common catalysts used in industrial applications is metal oxide which is classified as inorganic materials with different [34]. potential applications as sensors, catalysts, fuel cells, and others [49].…”

Section: Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential of Cellulose as a Source of Bioethanol using the Solid Catalyst: A Mini-Review

Anggoro

Oktavia

2021

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One of the most important biofuels is cellulose ethanol which is a popular material for bioethanol production. The present cellulosic ethanol production is through the cellulolytic process and this involves the splitting of complex cellulose into simple sugars through the hydrolysis process of the lignocellulose pretreated with acids and enzymes after which the product is fermented and distilled. There are, however, some challenges due to the enzymatic and acid processes based on the fact that acid hydrolysis has the ability to corrode equipment and cause unwanted waste while the enzymatic hydrolysis process requires a longer time because enzymes are costly and limited. This means there is a need for innovations to minimize the problems associated with these two processes and this led to the application of solid catalysts as the green and effective catalyst to convert cellulose to ethanol. Solid catalysts are resistant to acid and base conditions, have a high surface area, and do not cause corrosion during the conversion of the cellulose due to their neutral pH. This review, therefore, includes the determination of the cellulose potential as feedstock to be used in ethanol production as well as the preparation and application of solid catalyst as the mechanism to convert cellulose into fuel and chemicals. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

show abstract

Nanocrystalline Cellulose Studied with a Conventional SEM

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Iridescent Patterns Production from Solid Film Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Coffee Husks

Iridescent Patterns Production from Solid Film Cellulose Nanocrystals Prepared from Coffee Husks

Characterization of mono-diacylglycerols, cellulose nanocrystals, polypropylene, and supporting materials as raw materials for synthesis of antistatic bionanocomposites

The Potential of Cellulose as a Source of Bioethanol using the Solid Catalyst: A Mini-Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About