Nanocrevasse-Rich Carbon Fibers for Stable Lithium and Sodium Metal Anodes

Go, Wooseok; Kim, Minho; Park, Jehee; Lim, Chek Hai; Joo, Sang Hoon; Kim, Young‐Sik; Lee, Hyun‐Wook

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04106

Cited by 132 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…To overcome the volume change upon repeated plating/stripping of Na‐ion/Na, 3D porous hosts have been designed to accommodate the cycled Na . Overall, an ideal host should exhibit good “sodiophilicity” to facilitate Na metal infusion, high surface area to reduce local current density, and good stability to avoid side reactions with electrolytes.…”

Section: Strategies For Efficient Use Of Na Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2019

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Sodium-based batteries have attracted considerable attention and are recognized as ideal candidates for large-scale and low-cost energy storage. Sodium (Na) metal anodes are considered as one of the most promising anodes for next-generation, high-energy, Na-based batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mA h g −1 ) and low standard electrode potential. Herein, an overview of the recent developments in Na metal anodes for high-energy batteries is provided. The high reactivity and large volume expansion of Na metal anodes during charge and discharge make the electrode/electrolyte interphase unstable, leading to the formation of Na dendrites, short cycle life, and safety issues. Design strategies to enable the efficient use of Na metal anodes are elucidated, including liquid electrolyte engineering, electrode/electrolyte interface optimization, sophisticated electrode construction, and solid electrolyte engineering. Finally, the remaining challenges and future research directions are identified. It is hoped that this progress report will shape a consistent view of this field and provide inspiration for future research to improve Na metal anodes and enable the development of high-energy sodium batteries.

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Section: Strategies For Efficient Use Of Na Metal Anodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

et al. 2019

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“…Many emerging strategies are proposed to protect the Li metal anode, such as interface regulation, modified electrolyte, localized high‐concentration electrolytes, and artificial protective layer . Solid‐state electrolytes are introduced into LMBs for high safety, and three‐dimension (3D) lithiophilic hosts are introduced to inhibit the dendrite growth and volume expansion . These strategies render critical progress in understanding Li plating/stripping science and extending cycling life, though it is unsatisfied for practical applications (usually <200 cycles in practical pouch cells).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Diagram of an Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

et al. 2019

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potential (−3.04 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [2] The application of Li metal anode can further boost the specific energy density of next-generation battery systems (such as solid-state cells, Li-S, and Li-air batteries) theoretically by three to six times relative to the current Li-ion batteries. [3] However, notorious safety hazard, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), as well as short lifespan due to the unsteady solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendritic Li deposition impede the practical implementation of Li metal batteries (LMBs) seriously. [4] Many emerging strategies are proposed to protect the Li metal anode, such as interface regulation, [5] modified electrolyte, [6] localized high-concentration electrolytes, [7] and artificial protective layer. [8] Solid-state electrolytes are introduced into LMBs for high safety, [9] and threedimension (3D) lithiophilic hosts are introduced to inhibit the dendrite growth and volume expansion. [10] These strategies render critical progress in understanding Li plating/stripping science and extending cycling life, though it is unsatisfied for practical applications (usually <200 cycles in practical pouch cells). To further enhance the utilization and lifespan of the Li metal anode, it is primarily significant to gain the failure mechanism and electrochemical diagram of the Li metal anode.Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted and many enlightening opinions are released to understand the plating/ stripping behavior and failure mechanism of the Li metal anode. [11] By in situ high-resolution optical images, Wood et al. clearly correlated the cycling voltage and electrode morphology. [12] Xiao and co-workers systematically investigated the nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA)-based LMBs and proposed the accumulation of highly resistive layer composed of "dead" Li was the main reason for the rapid capacity fading instead of the short circuit. [13] Xu and co-workers described the current density for charge (i.e., Li deposition) is identified as a key factor controlling the corrosion of the Li metal anode under high Li capacity utilization. [14] These works update our understanding in a working battery. However, these experiments are conducted at a relatively small current (<3.0 mA cm −2 , 3.0 mA) and low capacity (<4.5 mAh cm −2 , 4.5 mAh) in a coin cell, which are far from the practical conditions in pouch cells. [15] The pouch cell Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as a "Holy Grail" electrode for nextgeneration high-energy-density batteries. However, the electrochemical behavior of the Li anode under a practical working state is poorly understood, leading to a gap in the design strategy and the aim of efficient Li anodes. The electrochemical diagram to reveal failure mechanisms of ultrathin Li in pouch cells is demonstrated. The working mode of the Li metal anode ranging from 1.0 mA cm −2 /1.0 mAh cm −2 (28.0 mA/28.0 mAh) to 10.0 mA cm −2 /10.0 mAh cm −2 (280.0 mA/280.0 mAh) is investigated and divided into three categories: polarization, transition, a...

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“…Importantly, under all applied current densities, the charge and discharge measurements of the symmetric Li/Li 22 Sn 5 |Li/Li 22 Sn 5 cells were performed using commercial carbonate-based electrolytes with a high areal capacity of 5 mAh cm −2 manifesting its capability of working as high-power density and high-energy density battery anode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the best performance of lithium plating/stripping in lithium metal-based symmetric cells in consideration of applied current densities and areal capacities, compared with other Li metal studies by employing electrolyte and interface engineering, designing of stable hosts/scaffolds or using solid electrolyte [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] . Additionally, to investigate the effect of Li/Sn atomic ratios on the electrochemical performance of the Li/Li 22 Sn 5 electrodes, we also tested the symmetric cells with higher Li/Sn atomic ratios of 88/5 and 110/5, in addition to 44/5 in the above discussion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Considerable effort has been devoted to tackling the challenges of lithium metal anodes, including electrolyte (e.g., fluorinecontaining additive 15,16 , self-healing electrostatic shield 17 , fluorinated electrolyte 18 , and high salt concentration 19,20 ) and interface engineering (e.g., artificial SEI 21,22 , nanoscale interfacial layer 23,24 , and lithium alloy based films 25,26 ) for stabilizing the interface between the electrode and electrolyte, use of solid electrolytes for preventing dendrite growth 27,28 , and design of stable scaffolds/ hosts for minimizing volume change [29][30][31][32][33] . These efforts effectively alleviated certain problems of lithium metal anode mainly under moderate/low current densities (e.g., <3 mA cm −2 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The issues of lithium metal anode are aggravated under high current densities and high areal capacities, resulting in more severe battery failures. Recently, lithium metal structural design with high electrolyte-accessible surface area showed improved rate capability by reducing the local currents [30][31][32] . However, the increased contact area with electrolytes may lead to severe side reactions and reduce the lifespan of batteries.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanical rolling formation of interpenetrated lithium metal/lithium tin alloy foil for ultrahigh-rate battery anode

et al. 2020

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To achieve good rate capability of lithium metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries, one fundamental challenge is the slow lithium diffusion at the interface. Here we report an interpenetrated, three-dimensional lithium metal/lithium tin alloy nanocomposite foil realized by a simple calendering and folding process of lithium and tin foils, and spontaneous alloying reactions. The strong affinity between the metallic lithium and lithium tin alloy as mixed electronic and ionic conducting networks, and their abundant interfaces enable ultrafast charger diffusion across the entire electrode. We demonstrate that a lithium/lithium tin alloy foil electrode sustains stable lithium stripping/plating under 30 mA cm −2 and 5 mAh cm −2 with a very low overpotential of 20 mV for 200 cycles in a commercial carbonate electrolyte. Cycled under 6 C (6.6 mA cm −2 ), a 1.0 mAh cm −2 LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 electrode maintains a substantial 74% of its capacity by pairing with such anode.

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Nanocrevasse-Rich Carbon Fibers for Stable Lithium and Sodium Metal Anodes

Cited by 132 publications

References 33 publications

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

Design Strategies to Enable the Efficient Use of Sodium Metal Anodes in High‐Energy Batteries

Electrochemical Diagram of an Ultrathin Lithium Metal Anode in Pouch Cells

Mechanical rolling formation of interpenetrated lithium metal/lithium tin alloy foil for ultrahigh-rate battery anode

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