Nanoconjugation and Encapsulation Strategies for Improving Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

Abstract

Nanoconjugations have been demonstrated to be a dominant strategy for drug delivery and biomedical applications. In this review, we intend to describe several strategies for drug formulation, especially to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble molecules for future application in the therapy of numerous diseases. The context of current studies will give readers an overview of the conjugation strategies for fabricating nanoparticles, which have expanded from conjugated materials to the surface conjugation of nanovehicles. Moreover, nanoconjugates for theranostics are also discussed and highlighted. Overall, these state-of-the-art conjugation methods and these techniques and applications for nanoparticulate systems of poorly water-soluble drugs will inspire scientists to explore and discover more productive techniques and methodologies for drug development.

Oil-In-Water Microemulsions for Thymol Solubilization

“…Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements were performed using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., United Kingdom) at 25 • C in a quasi-backscattering configuration (scattering angle, θ = 173 • ) using a He-Ne laser (wavelength, λ = 632 nm). DLS experiments allow one to obtain the time dependence of the normalized intensity auto-correlation function, g (2) (q,t), that, for a dispersion of monodisperse scatterers possessing Brownian motion, can be described in terms of a single exponential decay [27]:…”

“…The pursuit for new formulations that increase the availability of hardly soluble molecules in water is a challenge for different scientific and technological fields, ranging from cosmetics to food science, and from drug delivery to pest control [1]. This has driven extensive research that aims to overcome the main limitations associated with dispersion of such molecules, and includes designing well-sketched platforms which enable their solubilization [2][3][4][5]. Importantly, it necessary to find a strategy that increases the availability of the solubilized compounds without compromising their activity.…”

Molecular Interactions in Solid Dispersions of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs

“…Therefore, many formulation strategies have been developed to overcome the limitations of these drugs [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Both traditional approaches (e.g., polymorphs, prodrugs, salt formation, and solid dispersions (SDs)) and current nanotechnologies (e.g., solid lipid nanoparticles, nanoprecipitations, and nanoemulsions) have contributed useful techniques and strategies for the development of formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Among them, the development of SDs (even in combination with nanotechnology) is still being heavily investigated to improve the drug solubility, dissolution rate and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Nanoconjugates-Based Stem Cell Therapy for the Management of COVID-19

“…SC-based NCs are considered as a promising hybrid nanostructure in lung injury and now employed in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 using nasal spray. This formulation showed promising delivery to the targeted cells with better stability and biocompatibility in comparison to SCs [ 58 , 59 ]. Acute lung injury is caused by many viruses like influenza, CoV, respiratory syncytial virus, etc.…”