Nanocomposites with ZrO₂@S-Doped g-C₃N₄ as an Enhanced Binder-Free Sensor: Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

This study describes new electrocatalyst materials that can detect and reduce environmental pollutants. The synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanocomposites (NCs) made from active ZrO2@S-doped g-C3N4 is presented. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) measurements were used to examine electron transfer characteristics of the synthesized samples. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) techniques, inclusion of monoclinic ZrO2 on flower-shaped S-doped-g-C3N4 was visualized. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed successful doping of ZrO2 into the lattice of S-doped g-C3N4. The electron transport mechanism between the electrolyte and the fluorine tin-oxide electrode (FTOE) was enhanced by the synergistic interaction between ZrO2 and S-doped g-C3N4 as co-modifiers. Development of a platform with improved conductivity based on an FTOE modified with ZrO2@S-doped g-C3N4 NCs resulted in an ideal platform for the detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) in water. The electrocatalytic activity of the modified electrode was evaluated through determination of 4-NP by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) under optimum conditions (pH 5). ZrO2@S-doped g-C3N4 (20%)/FTOE exhibited good electrocatalytic activity with a linear range from 10 to 100 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 6.65 μM. Typical p-type semiconductor ZrO2@S-doped g-C3N4 NCs significantly impact the superior detection of 4-NP due to its size, shape, optical properties, specific surface area and effective separation of electron–hole pairs. We conclude that the superior electrochemical sensor behavior of the ZrO2@S-doped g-C3N4 (20%)/FTOE surfaces results from the synergistic interaction between S-doped g-C3N4 and ZrO2 surfaces that produce an active NC interface.

CuX/Sulfur-Doped C3N4 Nanocomposite-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

“…This observation signifies the successful incorporation of sulfur into the structure of g-C 3 N 4 , achieved by replacing nitrogen with sulfur atoms within the g-C 3 N 4 structure by forming C–S chemical bonds. Evidently, this indicates that sulfur as a dopant preserves the fundamental framework of g-C 3 N 4 . In the case of CuS, discernible peaks at 789 and 1061 cm –1 are attributed to sulfur–oxygen stretching bands and the H–O–H bending modes, relating to water molecules absorbed within sulfide products. , In addition to the characteristic bands of s-C 3 N 4 , weak absorption peaks at 697 and 496 cm –1 , correspond to the Cu–O stretching vibration in CuO .…”

Au-Deposited Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 Nanostructures for Photocatalytic H2 Production under Visible Light

“…The semicircle that appears in the middle region can be correlated with interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct). The lowest semicircle indicates the fastest interfacial e − transfer and enhanced e − /h + separation [61]. The 1.0Au-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 sample exhibits the smallest semicircle, indicating faster interfacial e − transfer compared to other samples.…”

Fabrication of graphitic carbon nitride synthesized via pyrolysis for environmental remediation: a detailed experimental analysis with different parametric optimizations

“…Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is useful for characterizing layered nanomaterials in determining their electrical characteristics, such as resistivity. 55 Generally, the effective separation of electron–hole pairs and interfacial electron transport are usually linked to intraparticle and interparticle resistance.…”