“…As a rule, both ends of a CNT have hemispheres the so-called "caps", which include pentagons in addition to hexagons, thus making them similar to a half of the fullerene molecule [221,224]. It is possible to open CNT ends by strong oxidizing agents such as nitric and perchloric acids, or ozone, which open access for various substances to the internal cavity for creating transport systems [237][238][239][240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249]. Methods for CNT size "calibration"using ultracentrifugation, dialysis, and "cutting" them to achieve the desired length have been developed.…”