Nanocomposites: Industrial opportunity or challenge?

Pfaendner, Rudolf

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.019

Cited by 86 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…include those on the kinetics and mechanism of RAFT polymerization, [26,27] RAFT agent design and synthesis, [28] the use of RAFT to probe the kinetics of radical polymerization, [29] microwaveassisted RAFT polymerization, [30,31] RAFT polymerization in microemulsion, [32] end-group removal/transformation, [33][34][35][36] the use of RAFT in organic synthesis, [37] the combined use of RAFT polymerization and click chemistry, [38] the synthesis of star polymers and other complex architectures, [39][40][41][42] the synergistic use of RAFT polymerization and ATRP, [43,44] the synthesis of self assembling and/or stimuli-responsive polymers, [45][46][47] and the use of RAFT-synthesized polymers in green chemistry, [48] polymer nanocomposites, [49][50][51] drug delivery and bioapplications, [41,46,47,[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] and applications in cosmetics [61] and optoelectronics. [62] The process is also given substantial coverage in most recent reviews that, in part, relate to polymer synthesis, living or controlled polymerization or novel architectures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

2012

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This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(¼S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer ( Chem. 2009Chem. , 62, 1402. This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

2012

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“…Despite the proven benefits of nanocomposites such as mechanical properties, barrier properties, fire retardancy, polymer nanocomposites are used today only in niche applications [197]. Commercial products by direct melt intercalation, which remains the most ecologically and economically desirable method, were manufactured by the RTP Company, Southern Clay Products, Nanocor and Honeywell Polymer, among others [198].…”

Section: Polypropylene/clay Nanocomposites -A New Class Of Organic/inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Polypropylene Based Materials

Bogoeva‐Gaceva

2017

Contributions

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Polypropylene is an extremely versatile thermoplastic polymer known for its good performance/price ratio, excellent heat, moisture and chemical resistance, favorable processing characteristics and recyclability. Due to its universal properties, polypropylene is applied in numerous industrial fields such as electronic and electrical, automobile, textile, pipeline, etc. Furthermore, the progress in its synthesis and property modification in the last decade has contributed to the development of new polypropylene based materials with advanced performance. This review aims at reporting on some recent developments in polypropylene based materials, such as nanofibers, natural fiber reinforced composites, self-reinforced polypropylene and polypropylene/clay hybrids, that have replaced many types of engineering thermoplastics in high-performance applications.

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“…Os nanocompósitos polímero/silicatos em camadas são similares aos compósitos poliméricos convencionais, pois estes usam cargas para melhorar as propriedades não disponíveis nos polímeros não carregados. Entretanto, os nanocompósitos utilizam níveis baixos de carregamento, tipicamente 1-5% em massa e apresentam melhorias nas propriedades quando comparadas aos polímeros puros, tais como: propriedades mecânicas, propriedades de barreira, propriedades térmicas contribuição na retardância ao fogo entre outras, onde a combinação dessas propriedades faz ainda dos nanocompósitos objetos de estudo [11,12] . A parte 1 deste artigo foi publicada de acordo com a referencia [13] deste, onde foi estudado o sistema de membranas poliméricas produzidas a partir de nanocompósitos de poliamida 6 e argila constituída de silicatos em camadas, utilizando a técnica de imersão-precipitação, avaliando-se desta forma como a presença da argila sem tratamento e tratada influenciavam na estrutura morfológica das membranas.…”

Section: -Obtenção De Membranas Microporosas a Partir De Nanocompósitunclassified

Obtenção de Membranas Microporosas a partir de Nanocompósitos de Polimida 6/Argila Nacional. Parte 2: Avaliação Microestrutural e de Permeabilidade das Membranas Obtidas

Leite¹,

Araújo²,

Lira³

et al. 2014

Polímeros

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Resumo: Membranas de híbridos orgânico/inorgânico de poliamida 6 e argilomineral constituído de silicatos em camadas foram estudadas em comparação com o polímero puro. Uma argila sódica, como recebida da indústria, e outra organofilizada com os sais quaternários de amônio Dodigen e Cetremide foram utilizadas. Os sais tornam hidrofóbica a superfície da argila e favorecem sua incorporação na matriz polimérica no estado fundido. A partir dos nanocompósitos obtidos foram preparadas membranas por meio da técnica de imersão-precipitação, tendo como solvente o ácido fórmico e como método de produção a precipitação em um banho de água (não-solvente). O teor do ácido nas soluções poliméricas, dos híbridos e da poliamida 6 pura, foi variado para avaliar sua influência na morfologia e na permeabilidade das membranas produzidas. As membranas apresentaram morfologia assimétrica, constituída de uma pele filtrante e um suporte poroso. A presença da argila tratada com os diferentes sais alterou a formação dos poros, tanto na superfície como na seção transversal. As partículas de argila provavelmente atuaram como barreira ao fluxo. Observou-se ainda que o teor de ácido utilizado influenciou de forma significativa a estrutura assimétrica da membrana; quanto maior o teor de ácido maior a espessura da pele filtrante. O teor de ácido também levou à alteração do tamanho e da distribuição dos poros. As medidas de fluxo realizadas com os dois teores de ácido diferentes mostraram uma resposta em função da morfologia diferenciada obtida. Palavras-chave: Membranas, nanocompósitos, poliamida 6, argila bentonítica, teor de ácido. Microporous Membranes from Polyamide6/National Clay Nanocomposites. Part 2: Microstructural and Permeability EvaluationAbstract: Organic/inorganic hybrid membranes of polyamide 6 and mineral clay containing layers of silicate were prepared and compared to those of the pure polymer. Use was made of an as-received sodium clay from industry and another organophilized with ammonium quaternary salts (Dodigen and Cetremide). The salts make the clays surface hydrophobic and improve their incorporation into the polymer matrix in the molten state. Membranes were prepared with these nanocomposites using the immersion-precipitation technique with formic acid as a solvent, and precipitation in a water bath as non-solvent. The acid concentration in the solution containing the polymer and the hybrids was varied to study its influence in morphology and permeability of the membranes. An asymmetric morphology consisting of a filter skin and a porous support was observed, with pores both on the surface and in the cross section being affected by the different salts. This asymmetric morphology was also affected significantly by the acid concentration, with thicker filter skins for higher concentrations. The acid concentration affected the pores size and their distribution. The clay particles probably acted as a barrier to the flow. The permeating flux for the two acid concentrations varied as a function of the distinct morphologies.

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Nanocomposites: Industrial opportunity or challenge?

Cited by 86 publications

References 31 publications

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update

Advances in Polypropylene Based Materials

Obtenção de Membranas Microporosas a partir de Nanocompósitos de Polimida 6/Argila Nacional. Parte 2: Avaliação Microestrutural e de Permeabilidade das Membranas Obtidas

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