Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes based on polyethylene oxide, modified nanoclay, and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate for application in solid‐state supercapacitor

Abstract

Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been prepared from polyethylene oxide (PEO), organically modified nanoclay (MNclay), and tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF4) salt. The concentration of the salt has been varied in the respective SPE, wherein PEO/MNclay ratio was kept constant. It has been proposed that three types of complex formation could be operative in the SPEs due to the interactions among PEO, MNclay, and the salt. The complex formation mechanism has been postulated on the basis of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, and polarized optical microscopic (POM) observation. ‘Complex 1’ and ‘complex 3’ formation could be involved in the crystalline phase as indicated by DSC and XRD analyses, whereas ‘complex 2’ formation might be restricted in the amorphous phase as suggested by TEM observation. The ionic conductivity of the SPEs has been correlated with the results obtained from XRD, DSC, and POM analyses. The formation of complex 1 and complex 2 could be responsible for the increase in the ionic conductivity, whereas complex 3 formation might decrease the ionic conductivity. An activated carbon‐based supercapacitor has been fabricated using SPEs and characterized by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic ‘charge–discharge’ behavior, and impedance spectroscopic analysis. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:1536–1545, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

Hybrid Solid Polymer Electrolytes with Two‐Dimensional Inorganic Nanofillers

“… (A) SEM images showing complex formation and (B) CV profile of MNclay/PEO/TEABF 4 nanocomposites (Reprinted from Ref. ). (C) Electrospinning setup and charge/discharge curves of PVDF‐HFP/MMT solid electrolytes (Reprinted with permission from Ref.…”

“…Organic modified clay (MNclay) mixed with PEO/tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF 4 )w as used simultaneously as as eparator and electrolyte by Sivaraman et al [76] Transmission electron micrographs showedv arying morphologies of the nanocomposite leading to the authors proposing three complexes forming in the prepared material, namely the (1) PEO:TEABF 4 ,( 2) MNclay:salt, and (3) ionic and crystalline aggregate complexes, in which the first two complexes are responsible for ionic conductivity (Figure 10 A). Specific capacitance (C s )v alues of 38 Fg À1 and 39 Fg À1 were registered through cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge experiments performed at 70 8C, wherein the typical, rectangular CV profile was only observed at higher temperatures due to the SPE transitioning towards aG PE (Figure 10 B).…”

“…Organic modified clay (MNclay) mixed with PEO/tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEABF 4 ) was used simultaneously as a separator and electrolyte by Sivaraman et al . Transmission electron micrographs showed varying morphologies of the nanocomposite leading to the authors proposing three complexes forming in the prepared material, namely the (1) PEO:TEABF 4 , (2) MNclay:salt, and (3) ionic and crystalline aggregate complexes, in which the first two complexes are responsible for ionic conductivity (Figure A).…”

Spherulitic formation and characterization of partially fluorinated copolymers and their nanohybrids with functional fillers

“…In the past decades until now, there have been numerous investigations dealing with the spherulites observation of different polymers and their nanohybrids [16][17][18][19]. A few examples are cited and discussed here.…”

“…A few examples are cited and discussed here. Sivaraman et al have observed nucleation and growth process of pure polyethylene oxide (PEO) and PEO/organo modified nanoclay (MNclay) nanocomposite spherulites at different crystallization temperature. They have seen that the incorporation of clay affects the size of spherulites in (PEO)/(MNclay) nanocomposite and higher number of spherulites are formed as compared to pure PEO.…”