Nanocomposite scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells for bone repair

Abstract

The mechanical property of bone tissue scaffolds is one of the most important aspects in bone tissue engineering that has remained problematic. In our previous study, we fabricated a three-dimensional scaffold from nanohydroxyapatite/gelatin (nHA/Gel) and investigated its efficiency in promoting bone regeneration both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the effect of adding silicon carbide (SiC) on the mechanical and biological behaviors of the nHA/Gel/SiC and bone regeneration in vivo were determined. nHA and SiC were synthesized and characterized by the X-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscope image. Layer solvent casting, freeze drying, and lamination techniques were applied to prepare these scaffolds. Then, the biocompatibility and cell adhesion behavior of the synthesized nHA/Gel/SiC scaffolds were investigated. For in vivo studies, rats were categorized into three groups: blank defect, blank scaffold, and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBM-MSCs)/scaffold. After 1, 4, and 12 weeks post-injury, the rats were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested. Sections with a thickness of 5 µm thickness were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's Trichrome, and immunohistochemistry was performed. Our results showed that SiC effectively increased the mechanical properties of the nHA/ Gel/SiC scaffold. No significant differences were observed in biocompatibility, cell adhesion, and cytotoxicity of the nHA/Gel/SiC in comparison with the nHA/Gel nanocomposite. Based on histological and immunohistochemical studies, both osteogenesis and collagenization were significantly higher in the rBM-MSCs/scaffold group, quantitatively and qualitatively. The present study strongly suggests the potential of SiC as an alternative strategy to improve the mechanical and biological properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and shows that the preseeded nHA/Gel/SiC scaffold with rBM-MSCs improves osteogenesis in the engineered bone implant.

Bone Growth Capacity of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells and BMP-2 Seeded Into Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Gelatin Scaffold in Alveolar Cleft Defects: An Experimental Study in Goat

“…Wang and colleagues in their work on in-vivo experimental rhesus monkey stated that scaffold combined with growth factor and MSCs possess advanced osteogenic capacity to induce bone growth in critical-sized alveolar bone defects (Wang et al, 2019). Farshadi et al (2019) supported similar statement that MSCs seeded into nano-hidroksiapatit/gelatin/silicon-carbide scaffold performed better osteogenesis and higher collagenization rate.…”

“…Similar statement was addressed by Tang and colleagues in his experiment using autologous MSCs for cardiac remodeling following an infarct (Tang et al, 2005). The paracrine activity of stem cells may enhance neoangiogenesis, cell migration and proliferation, as well as protect the cells from apoptosis by downregulating the secretion of pro-apoptosis Bax factor (Qazi et al, 2017; Su et al, 2017; Farshadi et al, 2019). Therefore, supplementation of exogenous stem cells in tissue engineering creates enhanced pro-regenerative environment and escalates the tissue growth even further, as shown in our study.…”

Bone mesenchymal stem cells stimulation by magnetic nanoparticles and a static magnetic field: release of exosomal miR-1260a improves osteogenesis and angiogenesis

“…Natural bone regeneration process requires orchestrated coupling between osteogenesis and angiogenesis, thus tissue engineering strategies to construct vascularized synthesized scaffold potentially revolutionize the treatment of critical size bone defects. Farshadi et al found that SiC together with the nano-hydroxyapatite/gelatin scaffold where seeded with mesenchymal stem cells could be useful for bone repair [ 43 ]. Kazemi et al demonstrated the gelatin/bioactive glass nanocomposite scaffold with endothelial cells could enhance bone regeneration and vascularization[ 44 ].…”

The use of biocompatible composite scaffolds in oncology

“…Специализированные клеточные матрицы на основе биосовместимых композиционных материалов в онкологии применяют с целью реконструкции тканей. Установку титановых пластин достаточно давно используют в нейроонкологии, ортопедии, челюстно-лицевой хирургии для восстановления или замещения поврежденных фрагментов кости [35,36]. Применение в настоящее время стандартных унифицированных имплантатов в некоторых случаях проблематично, так как «подгонка» титановых пластин по месту во время операции значительно увеличивает ее длительность, а также приводит к деформациям в имплантате и в костной ткани вследствие возникновения зон напряжений [37].…”