Nanocomposite pervaporation membrane for desalination

Recent Advances of Pervaporation Separation in DMF/H2O Solutions: A Review

“…In terms of the different separation system, PV membranes should exhibit the affinity to the particular component such as hydrophilic or organophilic. Incorporating or grafting appropriate functional groups into the polymer chains can be utilized to modify the membrane hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, in order to improve the affinity between water or organic molecules and the membranes [ 51 ]. In addition, potential defects on the selective layer of the membranes can be alleviated by postannealing process [ 51 ].…”

“…Incorporating or grafting appropriate functional groups into the polymer chains can be utilized to modify the membrane hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, in order to improve the affinity between water or organic molecules and the membranes [ 51 ]. In addition, potential defects on the selective layer of the membranes can be alleviated by postannealing process [ 51 ]. For example, in PTFE-g-PSSA membrane synthesis, HCl(aq) solution was adopted to convert the sodium sulfonate groups to sulfonic acid groups to obtain high hydrophilicity and higher permeation flux.…”

Fabrication and characterization of polyamide thin-film composite membrane via interfacial polycondensation for pervaporation separation of salt and arsenic from water

“…4 The pervaporation membrane has emerged as a promising alternative for desalination and removal of toxic ions in recent years because of its low energy requirement, high salt selectivity, and low fouling phenomena. 5,6 The transport mechanism of the process is based on the solution-diffusion theory; accordingly, the water molecules are preferentially adsorbed onto the feed side of a dense membrane and selectively diffused through the membrane to evaporate on the permeate side under a vacuum condition, while the salt or toxic ions are retained. The driving force of the pervaporation is the difference in the partial vapor pressure between the feed and the permeate sides of the membrane.…”

“…Therefore, the membrane should have high permeation ux, good selectivity, and excellent mechanical and thermal stability. 6,7 Many organic and inorganic materials are studied to fabricate pervaporation membranes, such as silicate, ZSM-5, NaA zeolite, cellulose acetate, polyester. 4 Among many polymer materials, polyvinyl alcohol has been intensively used to fabricate the membrane for the pervaporation process because it exhibits good mechanical resistance and is cost-effective.…”

Effect of Ionized Amino Acid on the Water-selective Permeation through Graphene Oxide Membrane in Pervaporation Process

“…pervaporation 在工业生产中，从有机溶剂中除去水是各种应 用 (如高纯度溶剂生产、 溶剂循环利用和反应强化) 中必不可少的过程 [1][2] 。与传统的分离方法(如共沸 精馏和分子筛吸附等)相比，渗透汽化作为膜分离 技术， 在从有机溶剂中分离水方面具有突出的优势， 例如能耗低、成本低，占地面积小和环境友好等等 [3] 。 氧化石墨烯 (GO) 膜作为代表性的二维材料膜， 在渗透汽化脱水过程中显示出广阔的应用前景 [4] 。 GO 纳米片的单原子厚度和微米级横向尺寸有助于 其堆叠和自组装形成有序的二维层间通道 [5][6][7] 。GO 纳米片上的非氧化区域允许单层水分子几乎无摩擦 的流动，类似于水通过 CNT 传输的情况，具有较低 的传质阻力。在前期工作中，我们通过真空辅助自 组装技术在陶瓷中空纤维支撑体上成功制备了 GO 膜，并将其应用于渗透汽化脱水过程中 [8] 。然而，由 于 GO 纳米片的亲水性和较弱的层间相互作用，纯 GO 膜在液体环境中易发生溶胀，进而造成分离因 子急剧下降。 为了提高 GO 膜的分离因子和稳定性， 通常利用 GO 纳米片上的大量含氧官能团(例如羟 基，羧基和环氧基 [9][10] )通过强相互作用(例如共价 键、静电相互作用和阳离子-π 相互作用 [11][12][13]…”