Nanocomposite blend gel polymer electrolyte for proton battery application

Using the Cahn–Hilliard Theory in Metastable Binary Solutions

“…Phase separation is a useful technique for fabricating functional binary materials. This method is used in a variety of applications such as in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films for electro-optical devices [1,2], porous polymeric membranes for separation processes [3,4], the paper, paint and pharmaceutical industries [5,6], biophysics [7,8], nanocomposite materials [9], fabricating electrodes for lithium ion batteries [10], energy storage devices [11], fuel cells [12], scaffolds for tissue engineering [13], and molecular biology to produce protein crystals [14,15]. A binary solution may have favorable lower energy when the solution is phase separated rather than being in the uniform state.…”

Zinc ion conducting blended polymer electrolytes based on room temperature ionic liquid and ceramic filler

“…To identify and understand the possible interactions between the various components of NCGPEs and also to investigate the influence of the addition of fumed silica to the GPE membrane, ATR‐FTIR spectroscopic studies have been carried out in the transmission mode for all the samples in the wavenumber range 4000–400 cm −1 at room temperature. The addition of ceramic fillers is known to interact with the blended polymer matrices through bond formation or bond modification thereby initiating different microstructural interactions. Figure (a–e) represents the ATR‐FTIR spectra of pure SiO 2 and gel composite systems.…”

“…It may be initially brought into consideration that the characteristic bands of pure SiO 2 as shown in Figure (a) at 808 (OH bending mode of hydrogen‐bonded silanolic groups), 1072 (SiOSi stretching) and 1630 cm −1 (OH deformation vibration of the surface hydroxyl group) representing the existence of OH surface groups for the Lewis acid–base interaction, does not appear in the ATR‐FTIR spectra of gel composite films and this might be perhaps due to the particle size of SiO 2 being fine (7 nm) and thus would have interrupted the initial order of the GPE matrices . Comparing the ATR‐FTIR spectrum of GPE corresponding to the ceramic free sample S0 with the spectra recorded for all the composite gel membranes (S1, S2, S3, and S4) in Figure (b–e), it has been observed that there are no significant changes in the spectra in terms of appearance of new bands or prominent shifting of bands on dispersing SiO 2 but on close examination, few changes have been noticed in terms of changes in the intensity of some of the recorded peaks …”

Poly(vinyl)alcohol/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate solid polymer electrolyte: Structural and electrical studies

“…The details of the technique are reported elsewhere [18,19]. These measurements have been carried out on the following two symmetric cells In Cell-1, SS (stainless steel) is used as an ion blocking electrode, while in Cell-2, Zn + ZnSO 4 ·7H 2 O is used as a reversible electrode which acts as H + source as the following reaction [18][19][20]: Fig.…”