Nanocolloidal Carriers of Isotretinoin: Antimicrobial Activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Dermatokinetic Modeling

Abstract

Acne, a common skin disease in teenagers, is caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). Isotretinoin (ITR) is though reported to have immense antiacne potential, yet there are hardly any reports vouching its antimicrobial activity. The present study, therefore, was undertaken to study the antimicrobial activity of ITR and evaluate the effect of its encasement in nanocarriers on its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The nanocarriers were also evaluated for the skin transport characteristics. MICs of pure drug and entrapped drug in nanolipid carriers (ITR-NLCs) and in solid lipid nanoparticles (ITR-SLNs) were determined by broth dilution method against clindamycin phosphate as the reference antibiotic. It was observed that ITR possessed marked antimicrobial activity against anaerobic pathogen, P. acnes. Nanocarriers loaded with ITR, that is, SLNs and NLCs, enhanced the antimicrobial activity even at lower concentrations vis-à-vis the drug alone and improved drug transport potential vis-à-vis the commercial gel. The unique findings could be the result of effective adhesion of ITR-loaded nanocarriers to the bacterial membranes and release of drug directly to the target. Besides establishing ITR as an antimicrobial agent against acne-causing bacteria, the current work ratifies immense potential of nanocolloidal carriers like SLNs and NLCs to treat acne in a more efficient manner.

Studies on Enhancement of Anti-microbial Activity of Pristine MWCNTs Against Pathogens

“…4, the CNTs dispersed in polysorbate 80 show relatively less adsorption on to the surface of E. coli vis-à-vis the CNTs dispersed in unsaturated phospholipid. These findings support the results obtained in the antibacterial studies indicating the enhanced bacterial adsorption by virtue of unsaturated phospholipids (35). The results are unique in nature and provide the first instance of the bacterium cell completely surrounded by MWCNTs when dispersed with the aid of biocomponents like unsaturated phospholipids.…”

“…However, the blank surfactants and phospholipids did not induce any noticeable antimicrobial activity in the studied concentrations. The findings are in consonance with the earlier reports of enhancement of antimicrobial efficacy with the systems employing unsaturated phospholipids but for other colloidal carriers (34,35). These biomembrane components, i.e., unsaturated phospholipids, facilitate the adherence of the nanosystems with the bacterial cell walls, resulting in the enhancement of the contact time and ultimately the bactericidal action (23).…”

Benzyl Benzoate-Loaded Microemulsion for Topical Applications: Enhanced Dermatokinetic Profile and Better Delivery Promises

“…Tween 80 is a well-established non-ionic surfactant for its biocompatibility and better emulsification characteristics (17). In addition to this, there are various studies which report that Tween 80 when incorporated in microemulsion enhances the skin permeation of drugs (36,38).…”

“…WinNonlin Ver 5.0 software was employed to compute the various dermatokinetic parameters viz. K p , C Skin max , K e , T Skin max (time required to achieve C Skin max and area under the curve (AUC 0-12 h ) using the Wagner-Nelson method (32,38).…”

Delivery of Thermoresponsive-Tailored Mixed Micellar Nanogel of Lidocaine and Prilocaine with Improved Dermatokinetic Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy in Topical Anaesthesia

“…The skin tissue was prepared as discussed in BEx Vivo Permeation and Retention Studies^section. At the respective sampling intervals, the whole skin was washed to wipe off the remaining formulation and further soaked in hot water (60°C) for 30 s to separate the epidermis from the dermis (31,32). The sections were cut in small pieces and macerated in ethanol (5 mL) for 24 h. The filtrate was filtered and analysed using the RP-HPLC technique.…”