Nanocellulose: the next super versatile material for the military

Norrrahim, Mohd Nor Faiz; Kasim, Noor Azilah Mohd; Knight, Victor Feizal; Ujang, Farhana Aziz; Janudin, Nurjahirah; Razak, Mas Amira Idayu Abdul; Shah, Noor Aisyah Ahmad; Noor, Siti Aminah Mohd; Jamal, Siti Hasnawati; Ong, Keat Khim; Yunus, Wan Md Zin Wan

doi:10.1039/d0ma01011a

Cited by 83 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Nanocellulose is considered non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, and safe [ 1 , 14 ]. Its high aspect ratio gives good strength and toughness as a reinforcement matrix for various formulations in additive manufacturing, food packaging, medical, flexible electronics, military, and energy applications [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. This section discusses the main functional properties of nanocellulose, modification techniques, and composites to create 3D-printable structures.…”

Section: Nanocellulose: Preparation Treatment Functionality and 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printable Nanocellulose-Based Functional Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

2021

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Nanomaterials obtained from sustainable and natural sources have seen tremendous growth in recent times due to increasing interest in utilizing readily and widely available resources. Nanocellulose materials extracted from renewable biomasses hold great promise for increasing the sustainability of conventional materials in various applications owing to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, ease of functionalization, and high abundance. Nanocellulose can be used to reinforce mechanical strength, impart antimicrobial activity, provide lighter, biodegradable, and more robust materials for packaging, and produce photochromic and electrochromic devices. While the fabrication and properties of nanocellulose are generally well established, their implementation in novel products and applications requires surface modification, assembly, and manufacturability to enable rapid tooling and scalable production. Additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing can improve functionality and enhance the ability to customize products while reducing fabrication time and wastage of materials. This review article provides an overview of nanocellulose as a sustainable material, covering the different properties, preparation methods, printability and strategies to functionalize nanocellulose into 3D-printed constructs. The applications of 3D-printed nanocellulose composites in food, environmental, and energy devices are outlined, and an overview of challenges and opportunities is provided.

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Section: Nanocellulose: Preparation Treatment Functionality and 3d Printabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printable Nanocellulose-Based Functional Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

2021

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“…Pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials has long been known for its advantages. It has been applied for various applications such as biocomposites, adsorbent, paper, packaging, military, biosugars, biomedical, bioenergy and more [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. In Table 4, the purposes of the non-chemical pretreatment strategies and their benefits and drawbacks are summarised [69].…”

Section: The Influence Of Pretreatment Of Natural Fibre On Several Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greener Pretreatment Approaches for the Valorisation of Natural Fibre Biomass into Bioproducts

et al. 2021

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The utilization of lignocellulosic biomass in various applications has a promising potential as advanced technology progresses due to its renowned advantages as cheap and abundant feedstock. The main drawback in the utilization of this type of biomass is the essential requirement for the pretreatment process. The most common pretreatment process applied is chemical pretreatment. However, it is a non-eco-friendly process. Therefore, this review aims to bring into light several greener pretreatment processes as an alternative approach for the current chemical pretreatment. The main processes for each physical and biological pretreatment process are reviewed and highlighted. Additionally, recent advances in the effect of different non-chemical pretreatment approaches for the natural fibres are also critically discussed with a focus on bioproducts conversion.

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“…Nanocellulose and GQDs have garnered a lot of research interest in different fields such as energy storage devices, electronics, photovoltaic devices and biosensors [102][103][104] The various functional groups present on the surface of GQDs, such as -OH, -COOH and -NH2, act as active coordination sites for the transition metal ions. Nanocellulose is bio compatible, environmentally friendly, flexible and thermally stable [105][106][107]. Nanocellu lose can improve mechanically flexible materials, as they are receptive to light, heat, chem icals and magnetic fields which can connect stimulus responses and allow the composite to work optimally [108].…”

Section: Applications Of Gqds-nanocellulose Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation, Marriage Chemistry and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite: A Brief Review

2021

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are zero-dimensional carbon-based materials, while nanocellulose is a nanomaterial that can be derived from naturally occurring cellulose polymers or renewable biomass resources. The unique geometrical, biocompatible and biodegradable properties of both these remarkable nanomaterials have caught the attention of the scientific community in terms of fundamental research aimed at advancing technology. This study reviews the preparation, marriage chemistry and applications of GQDs–nanocellulose composites. The preparation of these composites can be achieved via rapid and simple solution mixing containing known concentration of nanomaterial with a pre-defined composition ratio in a neutral pH medium. They can also be incorporated into other matrices or drop-casted onto substrates, depending on the intended application. Additionally, combining GQDs and nanocellulose has proven to impart new hybrid nanomaterials with excellent performance as well as surface functionality and, therefore, a plethora of applications. Potential applications for GQDs–nanocellulose composites include sensing or, for analytical purposes, injectable 3D printing materials, supercapacitors and light-emitting diodes. This review unlocks windows of research opportunities for GQDs–nanocellulose composites and pave the way for the synthesis and application of more innovative hybrid nanomaterials.

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Nanocellulose: the next super versatile material for the military

Abstract: Military systems have become more complex, and the development of future advanced materials for defence applications have received much attention. Nanocellulose has been identified as a 'super versatile material' that...

Cited by 83 publications

References 124 publications

3D-Printable Nanocellulose-Based Functional Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

3D-Printable Nanocellulose-Based Functional Materials: Fundamentals and Applications

Greener Pretreatment Approaches for the Valorisation of Natural Fibre Biomass into Bioproducts

Preparation, Marriage Chemistry and Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots–Nanocellulose Composite: A Brief Review

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