Nanocasting: A Versatile Strategy for Creating Nanostructured Porous Materials

Lu, An‐Hui; Schüth, Ferdi

doi:10.1002/adma.200600148

Cited by 1,223 publications

(889 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…While the softtemplating method provides versatile ways for the synthesis of mesoporous silica materials by the sol-gel process, preparation of non-siliceous mesostructured materials is still challenging, because the hydrolysis and polymerization of transition-metal alkoxides are more difficult to control unlike silicon alkoxides. As an alternative route, nanocasting using a template offers a great possibility for the preparation of various mesoporous materials [8]. Nanocasting is a synthetic process using a mold with relevant structures which is filled with another material, and the initial mold is afterwards removed to give a remaining inverse replicas.…”

Section: Mesoporous Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bimetallic nanoparticle catalysts, by alloying two metals, create new chemical and catalytic properties, which cannot be achieved by their parent single metal nanoparticles [5,6]. High surface porous materials have also been developed as a support as well as a catalyst [7,8]. As catalytic behaviors can also be altered at oxide-metal interfaces, support materials with high surfaces and ordered pore structures become increasingly important for supported catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High surface porous materials have been widely utilized as a support by loading metal nanoparticles [7,8]. Porous materials can be classified mainly into three kinds based on their pore diameter, which are micro-, meso-, and macroporous materials.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Porous Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

Somorjai

2014

Catal Lett

127

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In recent heterogeneous catalysis, much effort has been made in understanding how the size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles and oxide-metal interfaces affect catalytic performance at the molecular level. Recent advances in colloidal synthetic techniques enable preparing diverse metallic or bimetallic nanoparticles with welldefined size, shape, and composition and porous oxides as a high surface support. As nanoparticles become smaller, new chemical, physical, and catalytic properties emerge. Geometrically, as the smaller the nanoparticle the greater the relative number of edge and corner sites per unit surface of the nanoparticle. When the nanoparticles are smaller than a critical size (2.7 nm), finite-size effects such as a change of adsorption strength or oxidation state are revealed by changes in their electronic structures. By alloying two metals, the formation of heteroatom bonds and geometric effects such as strain due to the change of metal-metal bond lengths cause new electronic structures to appear in bimetallic nanoparticles. Ceaseless catalytic reaction studies have been discovered that the highest reaction yields, product selectivity, and process stability were achieved by determining the critical size, shape, and composition of nanoparticles and by choosing the appropriate oxide support. Depending on the pore size, various kinds of micro-, meso-, and macro-porous materials are fabricated by the aid of structure-directing agents or hardtemplates. Recent achievements for the preparation of versatile core/shell nanostructures composing mesoporous oxides, zeolites, and metal organic frameworks provide new insights toward nanocatalysis with novel ideas.

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Section: Mesoporous Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

Somorjai

2014

Catal Lett

127

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“…The morphology of resulting micropores depends on the structural details of lamellar constituent molecules that are strongly affected by specific production conditions [10]. Moreover, a wide range of controllable porosity from micro-to macropores can be achieved inside carbon materials by using templating techniques [11,12]. The resulting carbon materials show a regular porous structure, the size of which follows the dimension of templating agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular model for carbon black primary particles with internal nanoporosity

Ban

Malek

Huang

et al. 2011

Carbon

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“…[41] During synthesis, they can be used as their own templates, which solves many problems (e.g., the complicated processes, long periods, expensive raw materials, and pollution involved using other materials) caused by adopting artificial templates. [42][43][44] In addition, natural biomaterials contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, boron, and phosphorous, that can provide extra active sites for Na + storage. In this paper, we synthesized hard carbon by simply calcining pine needles without activation ( Figure S1, Supporting information).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na⁺‐Storage Electrode Material in Dual‐Ion Batteries

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2017

Global Challenges

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electrodes. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Among the large family of cations, lithium acts as the lightest charge carrier in nonaqueous electrolyte systems. However, lithium has to face its unfortunate fate of being a limited resource in the world. Hence, sodium has received increased attention as an alternative choice mainly because of its abundance and its similar physical and chemical properties to lithium. [25][26][27] Therefore, the application of a Na + -based organic electrolyte may be a valuable strategy for the development of DIBs in the future. It is noteworthy that the state-of-the-art positive electrode materials based on sodium storage can deliver capacity values generally less than 150 mAh g −1 in potential ranges lower than 4 V versus Na/Na + . [28,29] Thus, the excellence of positive graphite electrodes will become more competitive in sodium-based DIBs.For DIBs, in contrast with the increased number of reports about anion intercalation within graphite, [30][31][32] the investigations of anodes are insufficient. In theory, anode active materials with distinguished Na + storage capacities in the low potential range can match the performance of positive graphite electrodes. Carbon materials should be a promising candidate for this task considering the safety of the devices they are utilized in, the availability of raw materials, and other factors. [33] Lu and co-workers have reported that soft carbon is a highperformance anode material for sodium-based DIBs. [34] Based on the above, we predicted that hard carbon and graphite will also become an appropriate couple. Nevertheless, researchers are plagued by the high production cost and complex synthesis procedures for synthesizing hard carbon. [35] For the sake of tackling this issue, employing biomass resources to synthesize carbon materials is an available and convenient strategy. [36][37][38][39][40] Biomass materials can exhibit multilevel, multidimensional, and hierarchical porous structures, which can be reserved in the derived carbons and are favorable for the penetration of electrolytes and ion diffusion. [41] During synthesis, they can be used as their own templates, which solves many problems (e.g., the complicated processes, long periods, expensive raw materials, and pollution involved using other materials) caused by adopting artificial templates. [42][43][44] In addition, natural biomaterials contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen, boron, and phosphorous, that can provide extra active sites for Na + storage. In this paper, we synthesized hard carbon by simply calcining pine needles without activation ( Figure S1, Supporting information). Dried pine needles contain crude protein, fat, fiber, and various sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, and sucrose), [45] which are all carbon sources. Moreover, pine needles are slender. The Pine needles are used as the precursor material to prepare hard carbon. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N 2 adsorption-desorption tests are carried out to characterize the surface, crystal, and pore...

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Nanocasting: A Versatile Strategy for Creating Nanostructured Porous Materials

Cited by 1,223 publications

References 125 publications

Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

A molecular model for carbon black primary particles with internal nanoporosity

Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na⁺‐Storage Electrode Material in Dual‐Ion Batteries

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Nanocasting: A Versatile Strategy for Creating Nanostructured Porous Materials

Cited by 1,223 publications

References 125 publications

Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

Nanocatalysis I: Synthesis of Metal and Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Porous Oxides and Their Catalytic Reaction Studies

A molecular model for carbon black primary particles with internal nanoporosity

Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na+‐Storage Electrode Material in Dual‐Ion Batteries

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Product

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Carbon Derived from Pine Needles as a Na⁺‐Storage Electrode Material in Dual‐Ion Batteries